<p>Little Roe is an island in Yell Sound in the Shetland Islands</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island&#39;s name is Norse in origin, from Rauðey Litla, meaning "small red island" in contradistinction to Muckle Roe, which is not nearby, but in St Magnus Bay</p><br>
<p>In 1841, eleven people lived here, all in the same house.</p><br>
<p>A light beacon has been built on the island.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>The island&#39;s name derives from its red granite. It is at , due east of the Northmavine at the entrance to Sullom Voe.</p><br>
<p>Lamba is due north, and Uynarey, Brother Isle and Bigga between it and Yell</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Otters occasionally visit here, and puffins and storm petrels also nest here.</p><br>
<p>Rocky Mountain is a peak of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It is located about 2 miles (3.5 km) east of Irish Gap, on the border of Rockbridge County and Amherst County; it is the highest point of both counties.</p><br>
<p>Rocky Mountain is flanked to the northeast by Elk Pond Mountain, to the southwest by Grapevine Ridge, and to the south by Tar Jacket Ridge (3,860 ft / 1,180 m).</p><br>
<p>Rocky Mountain stands within the watershed of the James River, which drains into Chesapeake Bay.</p><br>
<p>The northwest side of Rocky Mtn. drains into the Nettle Springs Branch of Nettle Creek, thence into Irish Creek, the South River, the Maury River, and the James River.</p><br>
<p>The southwest side of Rocky Mtn. drains into Statons Creek, thence into the Pedlar River and the James.</p><br>
<p>The east side of Rocky Mtn. drains into the Greasy Spring Branch of the South Fork of the Piney River, thence into the Tye River and the James.</p><br>
<p>Rocky Mountain is located in the George Washington National Forest.</p><br>
<p>The summit of Rocky Mtn. is occupied by several radio towers, accessed by a dead-end dirt road. A VDEN packet node, ROCKND, is also located on this mountaintop.</p><br>
<p>The Appalachian Trail, a 2,170-mile (3,500-km) National Scenic Trail from Georgia to Maine, passes 0.3 miles (0.5 km) to the southeast of the summit, while the Blue Ridge Parkway passes 0.6 mi. (1 km) to the northwest.</p><br>
<p>The Mona Islands or Mohn Islands  is a group of a few scattered small islands covered with tundra vegetation. They are located in the Kara Sea, about 30 km north of the western coast of the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia, Russia.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The Mona Islands were named by Fridtjof Nansen after Henrik Mohn, a Norwegian meteorologist. Mohn worked out and published the meteorological observations of various polar expeditions, including those of Nansen in the "Fram" (1893-6). "Mona" is a genitive case in Russian, meaning "(islands) of Mon" and this name has stuck, especially since the Germans used ("Mona Inseln"), based on the Russian version of the name, during their campaigns in World War II. Since then "Mona Islands" has become popular and its use has been widespread in this manner for many decades and in many modern maps and atlases.</p><br>
<h2>Islands</h2><br>
<p>Kravkov Island</p><br>
<p>Kravkov Island (Остров Кравкова) is one of the biggest islands, but it is still only about 3 km square. Named in 1933 after Soviet hydrographer Sergey Nikolaievich Kravkov (1894-1942).</p><br>
<p>Gerkules Island</p><br>
<p>Small Gerkules Island (Остров Геркулес), located in the middle of the group, is named after lost explorer Vladimir Rusanov&#39;s ship.</p><br>
<p>Ringnes Island</p><br>
<p>Ringnes Island (Остров Рингнес) located at the western end of the group, was named after the Norwegian Ringnes brewery that financed Otto Sverdrup&#39;s Arctic expeditions.</p><br>
<p>Other islands</p><br>
<p>Other islands are called Granitnyy (Остров Гранитный) and Krainiy (Остров Крайний).</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>This island group belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding the Mona Islands is covered with pack ice in the winter, which is long and bitter. There are numerous ice floes even in the summer.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Russian scholars deem that Vladimir Rusanov and his ill-fated party disappeared somewhere around the area of the Mona Islands. Relics were found in 1934 in Gerkules Island, including a wooden pole with the inscription "Gerkules 1913", broken old sledges and a fragment of a cartridge box. Other remainders were found in Popova Chukchina, an island of another group not far away (Kolosovykh Islands) during and expedition organized in 1937 by the Arctic Institute of the Soviet Union.</p><br>
<p>During the Second World War there was much activity near these lonely islands. Kriegsmarine heavy cruiser Admiral Scheer, under Commander Wilhelm Meendsen-Bohlken, destroyers Friedrich Eckoldt, Erich Steinbrinck and Richard Beitzen, entered the Kara Sea along with submarines (Captain Grau) and (Lt. Captain Timm) in August 1942, in order to destroy Soviet warships.</p><br>
<p>The Germans knew that many ships of the USSR fleet had sought refuge in the Kara Sea because of the protection that its icy pack provided during ten months in a year. The large-scale naval operation in order to enter the Kara Sea and destroy as many Russian vessels as possible was named Operation Wunderland.</p><br>
<p>Since May 1993 the Mona Islands are part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of Russia.</p><br>
<p>The Dayton Arcade is a collection of five buildings located in Dayton, Ohio. The Historic Arcade is a historical, architecturally elegant complex located in the heart of Daytons central business district. Built between 1902 and 1904, it was conceived by Eugene J. Barney of the Barney & Smith Car Company and consists of five interconnecting buildings topped by a glass-domed rotunda, 70 ft high and 90 ft in diameter , below which two balconied upper floors circle the central enclave. As president of the Arcade Company, Barney made sure the Arcade had the latest innovations, including elevators, a power plant and a cold storage plant. The architect was Frank M. Andrews, known also as architect for many of NCR&#39;s factory buildings  and the American Building  at Third and Main Streets in Dayton.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The most notable building, which fronts on Third Street, is of Flemish design and is said to be patterned after a guild hall in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It looks like typical old Dutch architecture. The Fourth Street and Ludlow Street facades are done in Italian Renaissance Revival with the Commercial Building anchoring the corner of the lot. The most interesting architectural feature is the great dome. The classic detailing usually found in such rotundas was replaced by detailing representative of Ohio. The cornucopias are filled with fruits and vegetables from Ohio. There are festoons of oak leaves with acorns, ram heads and garlands of grain. At each framing member of the dome are colorful turkeys.</p><br>
<p>Quoting the souvenir program book issued upon the commencement of the Arcade&#39;s grand opening festival "The construction of the splendid group of buildings, known as the Arcade, was commenced on March 1st 1902, and completed on March 1st, 1904. The Third Street Building has a frontage on Third street of 66 feet, and was built by Mr. M. J. Gibbons and The Dayton Arcade Company. The Office building has a frontage on Ludlow Street of 66 feet, and the Apartment Building has a frontage on Fourth Street of 200 feet. The buildings are of steel and concrete, fireproof construction throughout, and possessing every modern equipment and convenience. The elevator service is furnished by six Otis electric elevators, and the Power Building is equipped with a complete steam heating, electric light and refrigerating plant of the most modern type. Through each building runs spacious arcades, richly constructed of marble and mosaic tile, converging into the Arcade Market House, which, with its magnificent glass dome and beautifully decorated galleries surrounding and overlooking the Market House, is unlike any buildings in this country; artistic in conception and perfect in execution. "</p><br>
<p>Originally, the main spaces were utilized for a major food market with retail, offices, and housing located on the upper floors. Through the first four decades of Twentieth Century, this super supermarket and retail center was one of Downtown Dayton&#39;s prime attractions and destinations. Here, one shopped for the unusual in fruit and vegetables, seafood, baked goods, food specialties, meats and meat specialties, fresh-cut flowers and assorted luxury items available in or out of season.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, the Arcade was placed on the National Register of Historical Places.</p><br>
<h3>1980s Renovation</h3><br>
<p>In the late 1970s, investors began planning and implementing a major restoration of the Arcade. In May 1980, the newly refurbished Arcade was reopened as a retail shopping and food center. In its new guise as Arcade Square, the center offered a lively collection of boutique stores, restaurants, stores offering staples, kitchen apparel, books, and luggage (and even a museum devoted to Coca-Cola). The Dayton Philharmonic, among other offerings, performed to holiday crowds from the vast floor below the Arcade rotunda. Given the general decline of retail activity and volume within the central business district, financial success gradually eluded Arcade Square, and it was closed to the public in 1990. Its final tenants still included its famous Arcade Seafood store and the last traditional dime store to operate in Downtown Dayton - McCrory&#39;s -- both of which remained open for a time after the closure of the Arcade Square public spaces themselves.</p><br>
<p>Although currently mothballed, save for certain brief re-openings for holiday traffic, several plans are in the works by preservation minded organizations to reopen the Arcade and its adjacent upper levels. The building was in use until 1991 and remains empty today.</p><br>
<p>Currently the Dayton Arcade is a dead mall. An Ohio not-for-profit group, "Friends of the Dayton Arcade" was created to advocate for the Arcade Building. The group published a book in 2008 entitled, "The Dayton Arcade; Crown Jewel of the Gem City. " The former owner owes several hundred thousand in back taxes. This tax obligation was purchased by American Tax Funding. The sheriff&#39;s sale occurred on March 12, 2009 and the building was purchased by Dayton Arcade, LLC for the minimum bid of $615,106.02. The new Arcade owners, Gunther Berg and Wendell Strutz said they would begin work on the Arcade in 6 months to restore the building to its former glory (with mixed use developments - housing, offices, restaurants, and commercial space). Early estimates on the restoration total $30 million. As of November 2017, work on the renovation has yet to begin.</p><br>
<p>Also as of September 2015, the current owners owe $435,765.33 in back taxes on the property which have been delinquent since 2009. The value of the property was assessed at $276,320.</p><br>
<h2>Dayton Arcade Task Force</h2><br>
<p>Mayor Nan Whaley announced the formation in August 2014 of a Task Force to determine whether redevelopment is possible. In June 2015, Sandvick Architects and Jera Construction, Inc. - both of Cleveland, Ohio - revealed that the Arcade was still structurally sound and made some initial redevelopment suggestions.</p><br>
<h3>Task Force Members</h3><br>
<p>The Dayton Arcade Task Force is composed of the following members:</p><br>
<p>David Bohardt, St. Vincent de Paul, co-chair</p><br>
<p>Steve Petitjean, Fifth Third Bank, co-chair</p><br>
<p>Rachel Bankowitz, City of Dayton</p><br>
<p>John Gower, City of Dayton</p><br>
<p>Dave Williams, CityWide Development Corporation</p><br>
<p>Marty Smallwood, Downtown Priority Board</p><br>
<p>Mark Parks, Downtown Dayton Partnership Board/Lewaro Construction</p><br>
<p>Neil Freund, Freund, Freeze & Arnold</p><br>
<p>Aaron Smiles, Matrix Realty Group</p><br>
<p>Ed Kress, Dinsmore & Shohl</p><br>
<p>Shannon Isom, YWCA of Dayton</p><br>
<p>Fred Strahorn, State Representative</p><br>
<h3>Dry and Stable Initiative</h3><br>
<p>In a series of videos that can be found below, John Gower, the Urban Design Coordinator for the City of Dayton, discusses the steps being taken in Fall of 2015 toward bringing the Arcade back into productive use. The Dayton City Commission passed legislation in September 2015 for a $700,000 "Dry and Stable" initiative to be done on the Dayton Arcade. As the videos explain this involves gutter cleaning and maintenance, securing any broken or missing glass frames, and fixing the mortar on some of the buildings where rain damage has eroded the mortar away. The funds used to secure the building through this "Dry and Stable" initiative are being placed as a lien on the Arcade and will be repaid to the city by future developers.</p><br>
<p>Very little maintenance has been performed on the Arcade in the last nine years, according to Gower, and this initiative gives the Arcade another three to five years of structural stability. Because of the exposure to the elements, the building has suffered structural damage through the freeze and thaw cycle, and the taskforce determined that if the Arcade went through another uncontrolled freeze/thaw cycle, re-purposing the space would be nearly impossible.</p><br>
<p>Alternately, the option of demolition was brought up, but dismissed due to the historic value and heritage of the building and the financial feasibility of tearing the structure down. It has been estimated that the total cost of demolition would be between $8 million and $10 million.</p><br>
<p>The three part series can be viewed below.</p><br>
<h4></h4><br>
<h4></h4><br>
<h4></h4><br>
<h2>Redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>Steve Petitjean, a senior vice president at Fifth Third Bank who is co-chairing the Arcade Task Force, stated that Miller-Valentine Group is providing $250,000 of the $700,000 needed for the "Dry and Stable" initiative, while the City of Dayton is putting up the remainder. Petitjean also mentioned that out-of-state developer, now known as Cross Street Partners from Baltimore, Maryland is interested in the property. Initial estimates state that the mixed use renovation of the Arcade may cost up to $60 million to complete. An article by Lewis Wallace at WYSO stated that "The hasn’t necessarily agreed to pursue that larger project, but these first steps are a glimmer of hope after a long time in limbo. "</p><br>
<p>According to Petitjean, Cross Street Partners and Miller-Valentine have collaborated on past projects and "bat 1,000" on redevelopment projects of local properties. It was also stated that the financing for the project will take some time - as much as three to five years before a project could be complete.</p><br>
<h3>Phase 1</h3><br>
<p>On January 28, 2016 the City of Dayton announced that a Memorandum of Understanding with the development team of Miller-Valentine Group and Cross Street Partners has laid the groundwork for the first stage of redevelopment of the Dayton Arcade.</p><br>
<p>Planned funding for the project includes the application for nine percent competitive housing tax credits through the Ohio Housing Finance Agency. These funds are awarded to low-income housing projects, of which the planned artistic housing is a part. Additionally, state and federal historic preservation tax credit awards will be a crucial part of the plan. The developers successfully obtained $5 million in historic tax credits and $20 milion in low-income housing credits for the first phase. Construction on phase one is set to begin early in 2018 and take 14-18 months to complete once all financing has been arranged.</p><br>
<p>Miller Valentine And Cross Street Partners have updated their Phase 1 plans to include the renovation of the rotunda as well. It is estimated that the costs of the first phase will be between $56 million and $80 million. These new plans include space for Warped Wing Brewery&#39;s second location, as well as space for a Boston Stoker coffee shop. Other amenities may include another cafe and grocery store. The developers also revealed their plan to create 126 apartment units in the first phase of this project which have been outlined below:</p><br>
<h3>Phase 2</h3><br>
<p>Stage two of redevelopment has a planned budget of over $40 million and hopes to create pop up restaurants along the third street arcade on the first floor, house an unnamed office tenant on the second floor, and create 32 "micro apartments" on the third through fifth floors of the Arcade and Gibbons annex portions of the building. The developers have applied for $4 million in historic tax credits to help fund the second phase after successfully obtaining $5 million in historic tax credits and $20 milion in low-income housing credits for the first phase. In addition, the University of Dayton will relocate it&#39;s Entrepreneurial center to the McCrory building, occupying all three floors.</p><br>
<p>Salt Pond Mountain is a mountain located in Giles County, Virginia. The mountain, which is part of the Ridge-and-valley province of the Appalachian Mountains, extends about seven miles  from southwest to northeast.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak is Bald Knob, at the southeast end, south of Mountain Lake.</p><br>
<p>Salt Pond Mtn. joins Johns Creek Mountain at the southwest end, and the Big Mountain – Potts Mountain ridge at the northeast end, just south of West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Salt Pond Mountain is on the Eastern Continental Divide between the regions which drain south into the Gulf of Mexico and east directly into the Atlantic Ocean. The south end of Salt Pond Mtn. drains into Sinking Creek and Doe Creek, thence into New River, the Kanawha River, the Ohio River, the Mississippi River, and into the Gulf of Mexico.</p><br>
<p>The northwest side of Salt Pond Mtn. drains into Little Stony Creek, and thence into the New River. The southeast side of Salt Pond Mtn. drains into Johns Creek, thence into Craig Creek, and the James River, which drains into Chesapeake Bay.</p><br>
<p>The Appalachian Trail, a 2,170 mi National Scenic Trail from Georgia to Maine, crosses the northeast end of Salt Pond Mtn.</p><br>
<p>Buskirk Bridge is a wooden covered bridge and is the name of the hamlet in which it is located. It is in the town of Hoosick. The bridge, which crosses the Hoosic River is one of 29 historic covered bridges in New York State.</p><br>
<p>Town and Howe truss designs were patented by Ithiel Town in 1820 and William Howe in 1840, respectively. The Buskirk Bridge a Howe truss design, and was built to replace a previous Burr arch truss. It is perhaps the earliest Howe truss bridge that survives in New York State.</p><br>
<p>A topographic map of its location appears in its individual inventory document prepared by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation in 1977.</p><br>
<p>It is one of four Washington County covered bridges submitted for listing in the National Register of Historic Places in a multiple property submission. The others are the Rexleigh Bridge, the Eagleville Bridge, and Shushan Bridge. All four were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 8, 1972.</p><br>
<p>The bridge continues in use for vehicles, and is maintained jointly by Washington County and Rensselaer County.</p><br>
<p>Elihu Root House was the home of American statesman Elihu Root.</p><br>
<h2>Elihu Root</h2><br>
<p>Elihu Root was born and grew up in the immediate vicinity of this house, which became his home as an adult. He graduated from Hamilton College and the New York University School of Law. He served as both United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York and a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention. President William McKinley appointed him Secretary of War in 1899 and he continued in this capacity under Theodore Roosevelt. Root made many changes to the structure of the American Army, including the establishment of the USA Army War College and creation of the General Staff. Root was Secretary of State from 1905–1909. He was instrumental in improving relations with Japan and with Latin America during this time. Root also was an advocate of the World Court. He won the Nobel Peace Prize, in 1912. After leaving the cabinet, Root was a United States Senator from New York. He was a bitter critic of Woodrow Wilson.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main part of the Federal style house was built in 1817 as a home for a Hamilton College professor. By the time Elihu Root purchased the house in 1893, there had been many additions and modifications to the structure. A long dormitory had been added during the house&#39;s stint as a college boardinghouse. Victorian porches and a staircase were added. The wing to the east was increased from one story to two. After Mr. Root acquired the house, he replaced the Victorian porches with ones more suited to the house. He also had built the portico on the east side of the house and servants quarters at the rear of the building. Mr. Root considered the house his home until his death in 1937.</p><br>
<p>It was listed to the National Register of Historic Places and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972, at which time it was still owned by Root&#39;s descendants.</p><br>
<p>The Elihu Root House is located on the campus of Hamilton College, an institution with which Root was affiliated throughout his life. The house was acquired by Hamilton College in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Schoharie Crossing State Historic Site, also known as Erie Canal National Historic Landmark, is a historic district that includes the ruins of the Erie Canal aqueduct over Schoharie Creek, and a 3.5 mi long part of the Erie Canal, in the towns of Glen and Florida within Montgomery County, New York. It was the first part of the old canal to be designated a National Historic Landmark, prior to the designation of the entire New York State Barge Canal as a NHL in 2017.</p><br>
<p>Schoharie Crossing State Historic Site is the only location where all three phases of New York&#39;s Canals can be seen at once. In addition to the Schoharie Aqueduct, the only two remaining locks of the original canal can be found at Schoharie Crossing, as well as three enlarged canal locks and one barge canal lock.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Tiononderoge and Fort Hunter</h3><br>
<p>Located at the south east corner of the confluence of the Mohawk River and Schoharie Creek was the Native American fortified village of Tiononderoge. The name is Mohawk meaning "the meeting of the waters". The settlement was occupied from around 1710 to the beginning of the American Revolutionary War in 1776. It has been estimated that approximately 360 people lived in the village in 1713, declining to 204 by 1750. Europeans called the village the Lower Castle from its position as the major eastern settlement (furthest downstream) of the Mohawk.</p><br>
<p>In 1710, Peter Schuyler, mayor of Albany, invited three Mohawk chiefs and one Mahican chief (of the Algonquian-speaking peoples) to travel to England and visit Queen Anne to solidify their trading alliance. The Mohawk chiefs asked for help in defense against the French, including Anglican missionaries to offset French Catholic influence among their people. Numerous Catholic Mohawk had moved up to the St. Lawrence River valley, where they settled south of Montreal at a village they named Kahnawake, after their former Caughnawaga in the Mohawk Valley.</p><br>
<p>The Mohawk offered help in settling Palatine German refugees in New York, who had arrived that year and were working in English camps along the Hudson River. Hendrick Tejonihokarawa offered Mohawk land near the Schoharie. Later it was offered to the Germans through Governor Hunter, and some settled in the Schoharie Valley.</p><br>
<p>As a result of the Mohawk request for aid, Queen Anne authorized Schuyler to build Fort Hunter, named after Colonial Governor Robert Hunter; the complex was completed in 1712, located near where Schoharie Creek entered the Mohawk River. The fort was 150-foot square with a blockhouse at each corner. The main gate faced north. A wooden chapel was built at the center. The chapel was named after Queen Anne, who sent communion silver and other items to furnish it.</p><br>
<p>In 1741, Queen Anne&#39;s Chapel was rebuilt using limestone blocks that were quarried locally. By 1775, colonists estimated 600 "praying Indians" (Christians) lived at Fort Hunter.</p><br>
<p>Shortly thereafter, fighting broke out in the Mohawk Valley and across the colonies as part of the American Revolution. The Mohawks sided with England, as they had for the previous century in conflicts with the French. Fighting alongside the British at the Battle of Oriskany and the Battle of Freeman&#39;s Farm, the Mohawk soon became disgusted with the British management of the conflicts and left to join their cousins, the Turtle clan, in the Saint Lawrence Valley.</p><br>
<p>In 1780, Mohawk warriors joined Sir John Johnson and Joseph Brant in fighting against the rebellious colonists in the Mohawk Valley. They participated in raids known as the "Burning of the Valleys." During one of the raids, a group of men retrieved Queen Anne&#39;s gifts, which had been buried at Fort Hunter. Today they are displayed at Brantford and Tyendinaga, Ontario, Canada.</p><br>
<p>After the American Revolutionary War, Queen Anne&#39;s Chapel was used for a time as a tavern and stable, to house the many migrants at Fort Hunter, which had developed into a village. They were moving west along the valley into areas of New York state newly opened for European-American settlement since the Iroquois, as allies of the British were forced to cede their lands after the British defeat. The chapel was torn down during the construction of the Erie Canal, completed in 1824.</p><br>
<h3>The original Erie Canal</h3><br>
<p>The Erie Canal was begun on July 4, 1817 in Rome, New York. Six years later the section of the canal through Fort Hunter was completed.</p><br>
<p>The canal originally crossed the creek in a slack water pool that was created by a dam, which can be seen when the water is low, further down the creek. Boats would then be towed across while mules and horses were ferried. A towpath bridge was later built to help mules cross but the boats still had to make the dangerous crossing.</p><br>
<p>Schoharie Crossing State Historic Site is one of the only sites where the Original Erie Canal remains. It runs from the Schoharie Creek to the Enlarged Erie Canal Lock 29. Along the way are some significant features.</p><br>
<p>A guard lock was constructed on the east side of the Schoharie Creek. The lock did not raise the level of the canal at all. It was built to protect the canal from the tumultuous waters of the creek. The Fort Hunter guard lock is the only guard lock that survives from the original canal. Folk lore states that the lock was built using the limestone blocks from Queen Anne&#39;s Chapel, which was razed to make way for the canal.</p><br>
<p>Further down the canal, near the Enlarged Erie Canal Lock 29, is the Original Erie Canal Lock 20. Lock 20 is the only lift lock that survives from the original canal.</p><br>
<p>Both Lock 20 and the guard lock were filled with gravel in 1980 to stabilize them.</p><br>
<h3>The enlarged Erie Canal</h3><br>
<p>Soon after the original Erie Canal was completed, traffic outgrew it. By the 1830s, it was decided that the entire length would have to be enlarged to keep up with growing trade.</p><br>
<p>In Fort Hunter, the path of the canal was moved so that an aqueduct could be constructed across the Schoharie Creek. Construction began on the Schoharie Aqueduct in 1838 by Otis Eddy and was completed in 1841. Fourteen arches spanning 624 feet carried the Enlarged Erie Canal and towpath across the Schoharie Creek from 1845 until 1916.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s, the Army Corps of Engineers demolished the easternmost six arches of the aqueduct to alleviate ice jams. A seventh arch collapsed during a 1977 flood, and an eighth collapsed on August 16, 1998. The latest collapse occurred during the flooding that followed Hurricane Irene in August 2011. Five arches remain standing today.</p><br>
<p>The aqueduct was named a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<p>The Schoharie Crossing State Historic Site includes many other remnants of the Enlarged Erie Canal.</p><br>
<p>"Yankee Hill" Lock 28 and Putmans Canal Store are located off of Queen Anne Street. The lock was built during the enlargement in the 1840s. Putmans was built in 1856 by the family of Garrett Putman and was used as a canal store through the early 1900s.</p><br>
<p>"Empire" Lock 29 is located just east of East Church Street in Fort Hunter. It was constructed in the 1840s by James Ott and is one of the best preserved locks from the enlarged Erie Canal.</p><br>
<p>Lock 30 was built by James Stewart in the 1840s. In 1956, the lock was filled in and paved over to make way for Main Street.</p><br>
<h3>The NYS Barge Canal</h3><br>
<p>Traffic again outgrew the canal and it was decided at the beginning of the 20th century to abandon the enlarged Erie Canal and construct a new "Barge" Canal. From Cohoes to Herkimer, the Mohawk River was canalized and many locks were added. Lock 12 was constructed at Fort Hunter.</p><br>
<p>The canal opened in 1917 and remains in use today.</p><br>
<h3>Schoharie Crossing State Historic Site</h3><br>
<p>The Fort Hunter Canal Society was formed in the 1950s to preserve the ruins of the Erie Canal in Fort Hunter.</p><br>
<p>In 1966, the state-owned land at Fort Hunter was transferred to the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation and Schoharie Crossing State Historic Site was formed.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the years, many changes, additions, and improvements have been made.</p><br>
<p>The Visitor Center is located at 129 Schoharie Street in Fort Hunter, New York. The building was built as a boarding house in the 1890s and was used as such until it opened as the Visitor Center in the 1980s. When the parking lot was put in, remains of a stone wall were uncovered. The remains are believed to be associated with the original Fort Hunter and Queen Anne&#39;s Chapel. "Little Short of Madness" is the name of the permanent exhibit at the site. It brings visitors through the progression of the canal system in New York. Restrooms and a gift shop are located here.</p><br>
<p>Yankee Hill Picnic area is located on Queen Anne Street by Lock 28 and Putman&#39;s Canal Store.</p><br>
<p>A boat launch and picnic area are located at the end of Dufel Road on the west side of the Schoharie Creek.</p><br>
<p>Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain is a 55 m high volcanic cone at Half Moon Bay, near Howick and Bucklands Beach, in Auckland, New Zealand. The cone forms the last part of volcanic activity that lasted many years. An earlier explosive eruption, created the prominent tuff ring that is still clearly visible extending in an arc south of Sunderlands Road. Two much smaller craters were formed to the north west of the main cone. The smaller lies buried under Pigeon Mountain Road outside number 18, and the other forms Heights Park - a private reserve for the owners of 29 - 41 Pigeon Mountain Road and 14 - 36 Prince Regent Drive and 33 - 39 Tyrian Close. It forms part of the Auckland volcanic field and is popular for scientific school trips. It was first quarried for roading metal by fencibles from the 1847 fencibles settlement at Howick. Quarrying continued for many years. In the 1920s the Shaw brothers worked with Harold Kearney, Dud Langdon and Jim Taylor using a pair of draught horses to pull a dray loaded with metal. In 1848 John Campbell and James Smyth both from the fencible ship Sir Robert Sale, had the contract to spread metal on the road from Howick to Panmure, for which they were paid 5/-per day. At that time the mountain was named Pigeon Tree Hill</p><br>
<p>The 5 acre farm immediately to the south was owned by the 1847 Irish Fitzpatrick family of Patrick and Ann who came in the "Minerva" fencible ship. They lived in a raupo hut at Howick for 2 years. They had had 12 children,9 of whom survived. The children all attended Pakuranga school, a short distance across the paddocks to the south east. Fitzpatrick later bought other land around Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain at Hutchinson Road and Bucklands Beach Rd expanding his farm to 20 acres. A photo taken of the Pakuranga Cricket club, which played at Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain, shows 6 of the 16 players were from the Fitzpatrick family. His original fencibles cottage was still in use in the 1960s by 2 of his grandsons who were the caretakers of the Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain sports ground in their youth. On their death the cottage was placed at the Howick Historical village. A number of fencibles&#39; widows also received land south of Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain which was very swampy. Margaret Coyle received 4 acres of land where Pakuranga College is today. The mountain has been extensively quarried, with the entire north side of the volcano removed.</p><br>
<p>In 1929 a fresh water spring was uncovered and water was piped to Howick and district at a cost of 9340 pounds. The mountain is a former pa site, and some of the terracing still remains. Artefacts as well as skulls were found there in the 1960s by students from Pakuranga College. The mountain is open to the public. The north face is partly fenced off and is an almost-vertical drop of 30 m.</p><br>
<p>In the southwest corner there is a playing field built on a free-draining scoria base. On the quarried northwestern side is a kindergarten and Scout hall.</p><br>
<p>In the 2014 Treaty of Waitangi settlement with the Tamaki Makaurau Collective of 13 Auckland iwi, the volcano was officially named Ōhuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain and ownership was vested to the collective. It is now co-governed by the collective and Auckland Council in common benefit of the iwi "and all other people of Auckland".</p><br>
<p>The William Henry Seward Memorial is located along Main Street  in downtown Florida, New York. It commemorates the life of Seward, a Florida native whose career in public service culminated with his tenure as Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln, in which capacity he negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia.</p><br>
<p>It consists of a bronze bust of Seward by Daniel Chester French, who also sculpted Lincoln seated at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, set in the middle of a small circular plaza with benches designed by Richard Henry Dana III. Just behind it is S. S. Seward Institute, the local secondary school, named after Seward&#39;s father. It was unveiled September 24, 1930, and restored in 2000 after being added to the National Register of Historic Places the year before.</p><br>
<p>In 2007 the memorial was vandalized. Seward&#39;s bust was shifted and one of the benches cracked.</p><br>
<p>Siling Lake, is a lake in the Tibet Autonomous Region, to the north of Xainza. Doijiang is located near the lake. Administratively it belongs to Xainza County and Baingoin County of the Nagqu Prefecture.</p><br>
<p>The lake lies at an altitude of 4530 meters. It is a salt lake. It is fed by the rivers Za&#39;gya Zangbo (or Tsagya Tsangpo) (扎加藏布) and the Boques Tsangpo (波曲藏布).</p><br>
<p>With an area of 1865 square kilometers, Siling Co is the second largest saltwater lake in the northern Tibetan Plateau and forms part of the Siling Co National Nature Reserve (also Selincuo Reserve or Xainza Nature Reserve). The 400,000 hectare reserve was established in 1993 and contains significant populations of black-necked cranes and some 120 species of birds in total. The lake itself, however, only has a single species, Gymnocypris selincuoensis, exploited by fishermen. The prairie on the banks of the lake is traditionally used as grazing land for yaks and sheep.</p><br>
<p>The temperature at the lake is an annual average of -3 to -0.6 °C, the maximum annual temperature 9.4 °C. The average rainfall is 290 millimeters per year, 90 percent of which falls in the months of June to September, often in the summer as hail.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Armazi  is a locale in Georgia, 4 km southwest of Mtskheta and 22 km northwest of Tbilisi. A part of historical Greater Mtskheta, it is a place where the ancient city of the same name and the original capital of the early Georgian kingdom of Kartli or Iberia was located. It particularly flourished in the early centuries CE and was destroyed by the Arab invasion in the 730s.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Minor excavations on the territory of Armazi carried out in 1890 revealed the plinth of adobe town walls, with stone steps, and cleared the two-room structure, where fragments of a woman&#39;s torso of the 1st century AD were discovered. From 1943 to 1948 large-scale excavation was undertaken under Andria Apakidze of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, resumed in 1985 and continuing. These have shown that the adobe town walls and towers, built upon a plinth of hewn stone in the first half of the 1st century AD, surrounded the hill top and the side sloping down towards the river, an area of 30 ha. The land within the walls was terraced and various buildings were sited on the terraces.</p><br>
<p>The three major cultural layers have been identified: the earliest dates back to the 4th-3rd century BC (Armazi I), the middle one is from the 3rd-1st century BC (Armazi II), and the relatively newer structure belongs to the 1st-6th century AD (Armazi III). Armazi I is constructed of massive stone blocks forming an impregnable base but were finished off by less durable mud brick. It also contains a great hall of six columns with a tiled roof. Armazi II is noted for a temple with an apse. Armazi III is the richest layer constructed of elegantly cut stone blocks, joined together with lime mortar and metal clamps. Among the surviving structures are the royal palace, several richly decorated tombs, a bathhouse and a small stone mausoleum.</p><br>
<p>The area is now a state-protected field museum administered as a part of the National Archaeology Museum-Reserve of Greater Mtskheta.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Archaeological evidences testify that the ancient Armazi was far more extensive than it is today. Armazi&#39;s strategic situation was dictated by its ready access to the Daryal Pass, the main road over the Greater Caucasus, through which the Scythians invaded the ancient Near East.</p><br>
<p>The name of the city and its dominant acropolis, Armaz-Tsikhe (literally, "citadel of Armazi&quot არმაზციხე), is usually taken to derive from Armazi, the chief deity of the pagan Iberian pantheon. The name first appears in the early medieval Georgian annals though it is clearly much older and reflected in the Classical name Armastica or Harmozica of Strabo, Pliny, Ptolemy and Dio Cassius. According to a collection of medieval Georgian chronicles, Armaztsikhe was founded, in the 3rd century BC, by king Pharnavaz I of Iberia at the place hitherto known as Kartli. This fortress stood on the modern-day Mount Bagineti, on the right bank of the Mtkvari River (Kura), at its confluence with the Aragvi. The other citadel, Tsitsamuri (წიწამური) or Sevsamora of the Classical authors, stood just opposite, on the left bank of the Aragvi and controlled the road towards Mount Kazbek.</p><br>
<p>Even after the rise of Mtskheta as a capital of Iberia, Armazi remained the holy city of Iberian paganism and one of the defenses of Mtskheta. The fortress was captured by the Roman general Pompey during his 65 BC campaign against the Iberian king Artag. A ruined structure over the Mtkvari River dates from that time and is still called "Pompeys bridge". Armazis heyday came when Iberia was allied with the Roman emperors. Armazi stele of Vespasian unearthed in 1867 reports that the Roman Emperor Vespasian fortified Armazi for the Iberian king Mithridates I in 75 AD. This defense wall constructed in a unique position to block the southern exit of the Daryal Pass before it widens into the plain of modern Tbilisi was presumably a preventive measure against the Alans who frequently raided the Roman frontiers from across the Caucasus.</p><br>
<p>During this period, Armazi was governed by a hereditary pitiakhsh, whose rank approximated to that of viceroy or satrap, and was second in the official Iberian hierarchy after the king. The excavations of the hereditary necropolis of this dynasty yielded engraved gems bearing portraits of two of these viceroys, Asparukh (probably the contemporary of the Roman emperor Hadrian, 117-138 AD) and Zevakh (fl. 150 AD), a rare example of authentic, pre-Christian Georgian portraiture. Aramaic inscriptions from Armazi mention also the royal architect and the epitropos ("Lord Chamberlain").</p><br>
<p>Armazi played a central role in ancient Georgian cultural life and in the evolution of local epigraphy in Georgia, prior to the invention of the Georgian alphabet in the 5th century. Among a number of curious inscriptions found at Armazi, the most important is the bilingual Greco-Aramaic tombstone inscription commemorating the short-lived Serapita and her noble lineage. It contains an unusual, in its ductus and some of its forms, version of the Aramaic alphabet which came to be known as the "Armazi script" although it can also be found outside Armazi, in other parts of Georgia.</p><br>
<p>With the transfer of the Georgian capital to Tbilisi in the late 5th or early 6th century, Armazi went into a gradual decline. It still had its own high-ranking commandant, a post held in A.D. 545 by a certain Wistam. The city was finally destroyed and razed to the ground in 736 by the Arab commander Marwan ibn Muhammad (the future Umayyad Caliph Marwan II).</p><br>
<p>The city of Armazi has never been revived since then, but a Georgian Orthodox monastery of St. Nino was constructed there between 1150 and 1178. This is a six-apse hall church which, as well as its associated structures, is now largely in ruins and only some fragments of the 12th-century murals have survived.</p><br>
<p>The King of Prussia Inn is a historic tavern in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Inn was constructed as a cottage in 1719 by the Welsh Quakers William and Janet Rees, founders of nearby Reesville. The cottage was converted to an inn in 1769 and was important in colonial times as it was approximately a day’s travel by horse from Philadelphia. A number of settlers heading from there for Ohio would sleep at the inn for their first night on the road. In 1774 the Rees family hired James Barry (or Jimmy Berry) to run the inn, which henceforth became known as "Berry&#39;s Tavern". General George Washington first visited the tavern on Thanksgiving Day in 1777 while the Continental Army was encamped at Whitemarsh; a few weeks later Washington and the army bivouacked at nearby Valley Forge.</p><br>
<p>Parkers spy map, created by a Tory sympathizer of the Kingdom of Great Britain, listed the inn as "Berrys" in 1777, but a local petition in 1786 identified it as the "King of Prussia". It was possibly renamed to entice German soldiers fighting in the American Revolution (including Prussians) to remain in this area; colonial generals such as Johann de Kalb and Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben had many Prussians as officers. At some point a wooden signboard of the inn depicted King Frederick the Great of Prussia. The inn was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on December 23, 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Relocation</h2><br>
<p>The inn was forced to move with the expansion of US Highway 202. US 202 is a major north-south highway that passes through the town from southwest to northeast. Its construction as a modern expressway would have caused the destruction of the King of Prussia Inn; however, historic preservationists managed to prevail upon the state of Pennsylvania to avoid this structure by building north and southbound lanes on either side of it.</p><br>
<p>The State of Pennsylvania acquired the property on which the inn was located in 1952. The King of Prussia Chamber of Commerce occupied the building following the restoration and as of 2011 still did.</p><br>
<p>The Ibi River is a tributary of the Kiso River located in Gifu and Mie Prefectures in Japan. Along with the Nagara and Kiso rivers, the Ibi is the third of the Kiso Three Rivers of the Nōbi Plain. It is one of Japan&#39;s first-class rivers. The former Tōkaidō post station of Kuwana-juku was located on the western banks of this river during the Edo period.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Ibi River has its source in Mount Kanmuri, which is located in the town of Ibigawa in Gifu Prefecture, and from there flows south. During its course, it temporarily merges with the Kiso and Nagara Rivers. In the city of Kuwana, Mie Prefecture, it finally joins with the Nagara River for good and continues flowing until Ise Bay.</p><br>
<h2>River communities</h2><br>
<h3>Gifu Prefecture</h3><br>
<p>Anpachi, Gōdo, Ibigawa, Ikeda, Kaizu, Mizunami, Ōno, Ōgaki, Wanouchi, Yōrō</p><br>
<h3>Mie Prefecture</h3><br>
<p>Kuwana</p><br>
<h2>Additional notes</h2><br>
<p>Every year, on the second Sunday of November, there is a marathon in Ibigawa, which goes along the river&#39;s shores.</p><br>
<p>Kuwana is considered the meeting point between Kansai dialect and Nagoya dialect.</p><br>
<p>The Soulanges Canal is an abandoned shipping canal in Quebec, Canada. It follows the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River between Pointe-des-Cascades and Coteaux-Landing, bypassing the rapids between Lake Saint-Louis and Lake Saint-Francis. In between, it passes through the towns of Les Cèdres and Coteau-du-Lac. It superseded the first Beauharnois Canal which was on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence. It is 23 km long and had a 4.3 m draught. Five locks measuring 85.3 x give a total rise of 25 m.</p><br>
<p>The Soulanges Canal was named after the Soulanges Seigneury which was granted in 1702 by Governor Louis-Hector de Callière to Pierre-Jacques de Joybert, Knight and Lord of Soulanges.</p><br>
<p>Operation of the Soulanges Canal was powered by a small hydro electric generating station. "Le Petit Pouvoir" is located near the middle of the canal and provided power for the motorized lock gates, electrical operation of the swing bridges, and illumination for the entire length of the canal at night. It was the first canal in the world to have its entire passageway lit by night, allowing round-the-clock operation. It opened in 1899 and remained in operation until 1958 when it was in turn superseded by an enlarged Beauharnois Canal which is now part of the Saint Lawrence Seaway.</p><br>
<p>Today, a popular cycling path follows the route of the canal. There are plans to reopen the canal to pleasure boats. The mission of the Régie intermunicipale du canal de Soulanges is to manage the development of tourism as part of the reopening of the canal.</p><br>
<p>On May 22, 1974, five college women were killed when their car was hit by another, and they were pushed into the canal. Four of the women were students at Potsdam State College in Potsdam, NY. The other was a student at Albany State College in Albany, NY.</p><br>
<p>The Plano Stone Church, also known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, was constructed in 1868 to serve as the headquarters for the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints  under the leadership of Joseph Smith III. Smith moved to Plano, Illinois, in 1866 and in 1867 was appointed head of the Stone Church&#39;s building committee. Smith and the committee selected the site, design and builder for the structure. The Plano Stone Church served as the headquarters of the RLDS from its completion in 1868 until Smith, his family, and the church moved to Lamoni, Iowa, in 1881.</p><br>
<p>The building is constructed in the Greek Revival style with exterior walls of sandstone. The interior consists of two rooms, a vestibule and the main room. The structure underwent a series of changes during the 1940s including the enclosure of two alcoves in the vestibule. Plano Stone Church was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Joseph Smith III became the president and prophet of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS) in 1860, 16 years after the death of his father Joseph Smith. Following the elder Smiths murder in Carthage, Illinois, many of the faithful in the Midwest accepted Brigham Youngs leadership and followed him to the Salt Lake Basin. A group of Latter Day Saints did stay behind in the Midwest, believing that the rightful line of succession for church leadership lay with Smith. The younger Smith accepted the leadership role with the newly named "Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints" after church leaders attempted several times to persuade him.</p><br>
<p>Plans for Smith&#39;s move commenced in 1865, and by January 1866 Smith and his family had relocated from Nauvoo to Plano, Illinois. Smith was persuaded to make the move by church members and leaders in Kendall County; the headquarters of the RLDS moved from Nauvoo to Plano with the Smith family. Once in Plano, Smith became the editor-in-chief of the Saints Herald, the official publication the RLDS.</p><br>
<p>In 1867 the congregation in Plano appointed a building committee for the construction of a church building for the congregation, naming Smith as its chairman. Smith and the committee selected the site, design and builders for the project.</p><br>
<p>Between 1868 and 1881 Smith was active in church leadership and local politics, holding office as village trustee and local justice of the peace. He resigned his position as magistrate in March 1880 after he met with criticism for canceling a court hearing in favor of a church appointment.</p><br>
<p>The church building is still home to a congregation of the RLDS, renamed the Community of Christ in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is cast in the Greek Revival style, and its foundation and walls are constructed from sandstone. The one-story, symmetrical, rectangular building has a front gabled roof which meets the wall with a slight overhang and wide frieze below; both features are typical of the Greek Revival style. The front (east) facade is built from rock-face sandstone in regular courses, the three remaining walls feature rough-cut stone in irregular courses. Each side wall (north and south) has four windows with round, stone, arched lintels, keystones and stone sills. Each window features a full round arch and a nine over nine sash. Each of the building&#39;s four corners is adorned with stone quoins as are all of the windows. The front, double-door has a semi-circular transom window and a stone hood with a keystone above it.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the Plano Stone Church consists of two rooms, a small 8 ft by 12 ft vestibule at the entry way, and the main room. The main room has a cove ceiling and a raised dais at its west (front) end. The interior wainscotting, doors, and window sashes are all original. The original pews feature wrought iron end pieces and other furnishings include a wooden pulpit.</p><br>
<p>The building has undergone alterations and renovations during its history. The original stone stairs on the exterior were removed and replaced. Most of the structure&#39;s alterations occurred during the 1940s and were on its interior. Inside, there were originally two alcoves off the vestibule which contained stoves used for heating. These alcoves have since been enclosed: one serves as the basement stairway access and the other as a closet. Other changes during the 1940s include the addition of a projecting bay behind the pulpit and amber glass panes to the windows.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Plano Stone Church is most significant for its years as headquarters for the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, from 1868&ndash;1881. On November 2, 1990 the structure was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. The church was listed on the National Register for its role as the headquarters of the RLDS and its association with the first RLDS president Joseph Smith III.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pisgah is a mountain in Westmore, Vermont. It is located on the east side of Lake Willoughby. It is part of the Northeastern Highlands of Vermont.</p><br>
<p>It is located on the east side of Lake Willoughby and constitutes the east side of "Willoughby Notch" ("Willoughby Gap"). There are hiking trails in Willoughby State Forest.</p><br>
<p>The cliffs contain alpine plants protected because no trails lead to or through them.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking</h2><br>
<p>There is a trail parking area located on the west side of Vermont Route 5A at the south end of Lake Willoughby. The trailhead is marked by a sign on the opposite side of the road.</p><br>
<p>After roughly 1 mi, the main trail passes Pulpit Rock, a known nesting area for the peregrine falcon. Pulpit Rock also offers an expansive view of Lake Willoughby. An extension off the Pulpit Rock location leads to a rock overhang 650 ft above the lake.</p><br>
<p>After leaving Pulpit Rock, the trail veers away from the cliffs to ascend to a viewing area on a rock slab.</p><br>
<p>The main hiking trail runs along a ridge bearing east away from the lake and curves back to the parking area. The descent trail offers three separate, small lookout areas.</p><br>
<p>The trail&#39;s total distance is 2.5 mi with a vertical rise of 1,590 ft.</p><br>
<p>The Irving Langmuir House was the home of physicist-chemist Irving Langmuir, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize during his research career with General Electric. It was declared a National Historic Landmark  in 1976. The Irving Langmuir house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 7, 1976.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 1176 Stratford Road in Schenectady, in the middle of a suburban area east of Union College known as the General Electric Realty Plot, a historic district to which it is a contributing property. The neighborhood is residential, with large houses dating to the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>Architecturally, the house is unremarkable. It is a two-and-a-half-story building in a vernacular interpretation of the Colonial Revival style. The hipped roof is tiled in terra cotta and pierced by two almost symmetrical dormer windows. A columned porch covers the Palladian-style main entrance. The interior follows a basic central-hall plan.</p><br>
<p>The house was probably built ca. 1900. In 1919 Langmuir moved in, living there until his death in 1957. It was still in his family&#39;s hands when it was designated an NHL almost two decades later.</p><br>
<p>Jackie Robinson House was a Brooklyn home of baseball great Jackie Robinson from 1947 when he was awarded Rookie of the Year with the Brooklyn Dodgers through 1949 when he was voted Most Valuable Player. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Another house, at 112-40 177th Street in the Addisleigh Park neighborhood of Queens, was the Robinsons&#39; home from 1949 to 1955. "Locals had recently canceled a restrictive covenant that forbade blacks from living in the area, so African-American stars such as jazz great Count Basie and Herbert Mills of the Mills Brothers quartet moved in." This other house is not currently landmarked, but may be included in a New York City Landmarks Commission historic district that is under review in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Susan B. Anthony House, in Rochester, New York, was the home of Susan B. Anthony for forty years, while she was a national figure in the women&#39;s rights movement.</p><br>
<p>She was arrested in the front parlor after attempting to vote in the 1872 Presidential Election. She resided here until her death.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased for use as a memorial in 1945, and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965. It has been documented in the Historic American Buildings Survey.</p><br>
<p>The Susan B. Anthony House is located at 17 Madison Street in Rochester. Access to the house is through the Susan B. Anthony Museum entrance at 19 Madison Street.</p><br>
<p>Today the is a learning center and museum open to the public for tours and programs from 11-5 Tuesday through Sunday, except major holidays. Its full name is the National Susan B. Anthony Museum & House. The Visitor Center and Museum Shop are located in the historic house next door, 19 Madison Street, which was owned by Hannah Anthony Mosher, sister of Susan and Mary Anthony. The mission of the Susan B. Anthony House is to keep Susan B. Anthony&#39;s vision alive and relevant.</p><br>
<p>The house hosts an annual celebration of Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave women the right to vote. In 2011, the New York Times reported that the museum at the house had sold a large quantity of "a $250 handbag made of fake alligator that was inspired by one of Anthony’s own club bags, similar to a doctor’s bag," noting that for Anthony, "a bag was not a fashion statement but a symbol of independence at a time when women were not allowed to enter into a contract or even open a bank account."</p><br>
<p>Papers and memorabilia about the suffrage movement were donated to the house at the request of Carrie Chapman Catt, Susan B. Anthony&#39;s successor as President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. They are held by the River Campus Libraries of the University of Rochester.</p><br>
<p>The Bangali River  is one of the main rivers in the northern part of Bangladesh . As of 2007, the river is in the news because of the possibility that it might merge with the Jamuna River, which could lead to major changes in the geography of the region.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>In the later part of the 18th century, movements against the British Raj erupted in North Bengal. Two of the major centers of the Fakir-Sanyasi Rebellion were Bogra District and Rangpur, located on two sides of the Bangali River. Whether this was the reason that prompted the name Bangali (the people of Bengal) is still unknown.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Bangali River originates as a distributary of Teesta River in Nilphamari District. The river flows as the Ghaghot River from its source to Gaibandha, where it splits into two branches &mdash;one moves towards the west as the "Ghaghot" and empties into the Karatoya River at Sherpur, Bogra District; the other section of the Bangali River flows to the south and subsequently breaks into two sections in Bogra. These two sections join the Jamuna and Karatoa.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of distributaries of the Bangali River such as the Belal, Manosh, Modhukhali, Ichamoti, and Volka among others. These distributaries often dry up in the winter season.</p><br>
<p>Recently, with a gradual decrease in the flow of the Teesta River, the Jamuna has become the main source of water for the Bangali River. Some scientists, including former executive director of the River Research Institute, Abdul Wajed, consider the Jamuna to be the primary source of the river.</p><br>
<p>Similar to other rivers in the region, the Bangali undergoes several divisions and receives multiple tributaries. According to the Bogra District Gazetteer, the Bangali River flows through Sariakandi Upazila to the south east and reaches Chou-Ghata. Thereafter, at Jurigacha, it splits into two major branches. The western branch named Hal-Halia flows towards the south passing across Bogra, Sherpur and Dhunat Upazila. The eastern branch continues as the Bangali River through Dhunat Thana. At Bathuabari in Dhunat, the two branches meet again and the conjoined flow continues by the name of "Fuljhur", which turns towards the west near South Pantabari and arrives at a place called Kachari Kallyani. The name of the stream changes here to Khanpur Mohona which soon drains into the Karatoa. From there, the combined Bangali–Karatoa flows by Modhiabagh, Himabari and Sherpur. Very cool river.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The present-day streams of Jamuna and Teesta were created after a massive flood in 1787. The flood had a major impact on the geography of rivers in the region; several rivers changed course, and the changes continued for the next forty years. Prior to the flood, the Brahmaputra River used to pass through Mymensingh and Bhoirob Bazaar to meet the Meghna River. After 1787, the Brahmaputra changed its course to drain into the Padma River.</p><br>
<p>Along with changes in course, the Jamauna and Teesta also gave rise to new distributaries in the aftermath of the 1787 flood. It is speculated that the Bangali River was born out of those changes of course of the Jamuna and Teesta.</p><br>
<h2>Concerns</h2><br>
<p>Scientists are concerned about the current condition of the Bangali River. According to the "Pani Unnoyon Board" (Water Development Board), every year the Jamuna moves 80 m closer to the Bangali as a result of erosion of its banks. As of 2007, a stretch of only 300 m separates the two rivers, an alarming sign for the continued existence of the Bangali River. Engineers worry that if these two rivers merge, an area of 1,000 square kilometres and 9 m of Bogra and Sirajganj will be completely submerged under water. Water would destroy the Bogra–Nagarbari road and eventually cause the Bangabandhu Bridge over the Jamuna to be ineffective. It would increase annual flooding in the floodplain of Bangali River.</p><br>
<p>Location: 24 50 41 N 89 50 41 E</p><br>
<p>Karatoya River  , a small stream in Rajshahi Division of Bangladesh, was once a large and sacred river. A channel of it presently flows by the ancient ruins of Mahasthangarh  in Bogra District. The Karatoya mahatmya bears testimony to its past greatness. In the Mahabharata it is mentioned that a visit to the Karatoya after three days’ fast produces the same merit as an aswamedha  sacrifice. Another ancient city, Sravasti, may have been located on the banks of the Karatoya, north of Mahasthangarh. However, there is a controversy about the possible location of Sravasti.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Karatoya, known as Phuljhur rises in the Baikunthapur jungles in the extreme north-west of Jalpaiguri district (West Bengal, India) and forms for some distance the boundary between Dinajpur and Rangpur districts. It, then, meanders through Rangpur and Bogra. In the south of Bogra district, it receives the Halhalia and the united stream is then known as Phuljhur. It leaves Bogra at Chanda kona and flowing in a southerly direction past Raiganj and Shujapur is joined by the Ichhamati at Nalka. The Phuljhur then flows south past the important village of Ullapara, a few miles below which it joins the Hurasagar at Narnia after a course of about 40 mi in this district. After this junction, it takes the name of Hurasagar and passing close by Shazadpur and Hera joins the Jamuna near Bera.</p><br>
<p>The Karatoya is mentioned in the Puranas and had a high repute for sanctity. It was the eastern boundary of the old kingdom of Paundravardhana, the country of the Paundras which it separated from Kamrupa. It is shown in Van Den Brouk&#39;s map of Bengal (C, 1660) as flowing into the Ganges and in fact. before the destructive floods of 1787 it brought down to the Atrai and to the Ganges a great volume of Teesta water. Since the main stream of the Teesta was dirverted to the east in 1787, the Karatoya and the Phuljhur have gradually silted up. and they are at the present day rivers of minor importance. One channel, which joins the Baral, 30 mi east of Pabna. is still called indifferently the Buri Teesta or old Teesta and the Karto or Karatoya. Traces of an old channel, for which the name of the Karatoya is claimed, are also pointed out in the Chatmohar thana, where it appears to have been obliterated by the Baral.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name of the river is formed of two Bengali words kar (hand) and toa (water), signifying, in Hindu mythology, that the river was formed by the water which was poured on the hands of Shiva, when he married Parvati.</p><br>
<h2>Changes in the course of rivers</h2><br>
<p>Great changes have taken place in the course of some of the rivers in Bengal and the adjoining areas, during the period since 1500 AD. Although positive evidence is lacking, similar changes can be assumed in the remoter past. The Karatoya is one of the rivers that has changed over the years.</p><br>
<p>The map (right) shows the main rivers in North Bengal and adjoining areas. Not shown are numerous tributaries and distributaries, which connect the main rivers, and allow the main rivers to change course. Therefore, the river-system pattern undergoes continuous changes. Such changes have not been reflected in the map. Moreover, many of the rivers have local names for sections of the course, adding to the complexity of the river system.</p><br>
<p>Tectonic disturbances have broken up the Karatoya into four distinct parts. The northern part, called the Dinajpur-Karatoya, is the main source of the Atrai. It rises in a marsh in Baikanthapur in Jalpaiguri district, but also receives water from underground streams. In Khansama upazila its name changes to Atrai. In a second section, the Dinajpur-Karatoya was connected with the Rangpur-Karatoya north of Khansama, but very little water now passes down that channel. The upper part of Rangpur-Karatoya originates in the Jalpaiguri district and is known as the Deonai-Jamuneshwari up to Gobindaganj upazila. In a third section, the Jamuneshwari-Karatoya flows south-southeast to Gobindaganj upazila, where the main stream turns east through the Katakhali and falls into the Bangali River. The portion of the former river passing through Shibganj upazila is dry most of the year. It effectively separates the Rangpur-Karatoya from the Bogra-Karatoya, which flows south past Bogra town till it joins the Bangali to make Phuljhor river, which falls into the Hoorasagar. The fourth part, the Pabna-Karatoya, is a moribund river bed near Handial. Various other channels are also pointed out as parts of the Old Karatoya.</p><br>
<h3>Teesta</h3><br>
<p>The Teesta earlier ran due south from Jalpaiguri in three channels, namely, the Karatoya to the east, the Punarbhaba in the west and the Atrai in the centre. The three channels possibly gave the name to the river as Trisrota (possessed of three streams) which has been shortened and corrupted to Teesta. Of these three the Punarbhaba joined the Mahananda. The Atrai passing through a vast marshy area known as Chalan Beel joined the Karatoya and the united stream joined the Padma near Jafarganj. In the destructive floods of 1787, the Teesta forsook its old channel and rushing south-east it joined the Brahmaputra.</p><br>
<p>In the Siyar-al-Mutakhkhirin it is recorded that the Karatoya was three times the size of the Ganges when Bakhtiyar Khilji invaded the northern parts of Bengal in 1115. In Ven den Brouck&#39;s map of Bengal, prepared in 1660, the Karatoya is shown as a large channel. Rennel made a survey between 1764 and 1777 and his maps are one of the earliest authentic maps of Bengal in existence. In these maps Teesta is shown as flowing through North Bengal in several branches&mdash;Punarbhaba, Atrai, Karatoya etc. All these streams combined lower down with the Mahananda, now the westernmost river in North Bengal, and taking the name of Hoorsagar finally discharged into the Ganges at Jafarganj, near modern Goalundo. The Hoorsagar river is still in existence being the combined outfall of the Baral, a spill channel of the Ganges, the Atrai, the Jamuna or Jamuneswari (not the main Jamuna through which the Brahmaputra now flows), and the Karatoya, but instead of falling into the Ganges, it falls into the main Jamuna, a few miles above its confluence with the Padma at Goalundo.</p><br>
<h3>Kosi</h3><br>
<p>The Kosi (Kausiki), which now flows through the north-eastern Bihar and joins the Ganges at a point much higher up than Rajmahal, originally ran eastward and fell into the Brahmaputra. The channel of the Kosi, therefore, must have been steadily shifting towards the west, right across the whole breadth of North Bengal. There was a time when the Kosi and the Mahananda joined the Karatoya and formed a sort of ethnic boundary between people living south of it and the Kochs and Kiratas living north of the river.</p><br>
<p>William Floyd House, also known as Nicholl Floyd House and Old Mastic House, was a home of William Floyd, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, in Mastic Beach, New York. It was his home from 1734 until 1803. This home is distinct from Gen. William Floyd House, his later home in Westernville, New York, that is also on the National Register and which was designated a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The two William Floyd houses are believed to be the only surviving homes in New York of signers of the Declaration of Independence. The Mastic home is "reputed to be the best preserved and oldest manor house" in its part of Long Island.</p><br>
<p>It is located about 0.29 mi south of Washington Avenue and Wavecrest Drive in Mastic Beach. The home was built by Nicholl Floyd, who was William Floyds father, and was given to Williams son, also named Nicholl Floyd. The house was visited by Marquis de Lafayette and others.</p><br>
<p>The house is owned by the National Park Service as part of Fire Island National Seashore, although it&#39;s not on Fire Island itself.</p><br>
<p>Piz Lunghin  is a mountain in the Swiss canton of Graubünden, located in the Albula range, overlooking the Maloja Pass. It can be considered as the "roof of Europe" as the water running off the mountain can head towards the Atlantic, Mediterranean or Black Sea.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and hydrography</h2><br>
<p>Piz Lunghin lies at the upper end of the Engadine (east) and the Bregaglia (west) valleys. The Maloja Pass, which connects the two valleys, is located 2 km south-east from the peak. The north side of the mountain lies in the protected area Parc Ela.</p><br>
<p>The notable triple watershed is in fact located 600 metres from the summit itself, at the Lunghin Pass, at 2645 m (46&deg;24&prime;48.70&Prime;N latitude, 9&deg;39&prime;49.20&Prime;E longitude). The north-west side gives birth to a river ending in the Gelgia, a tributary of the Albula, itself a tributary of the Rhine. From the south-west side the water flows towards the Mera in Val Bregaglia, a tributary of the Po. Finally the Inn originates from Lägh dal Lunghin below the peak, east to the pass. The Inn is a tributary of the Danube.</p><br>
<p>The Rhine enters the North Sea 740 km north.</p><br>
<p>The Po enters the Adriatic Sea 275 km south-east.</p><br>
<p>The Danube enters the Black Sea 1560 km east.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing and hiking</h2><br>
<p>The summit can be reached easily from the north flank via a trail starting from the Lunghin Pass. The pass connects Bivio on the north (via the Septimer Pass) to Maloja in the Engadine on the east. The shortest access is from the latter. From Maloja (1810 m) the trail follows the young Inn and leads to the pass in a few hours of walking.</p><br>
<p>A signposted multiday trekking route passes the pass as well, called Senda Segantini after the painter Giovanni Segantini that worked on his most famous works in those areas.</p><br>
<p>The Arch in the Town of Marshall, also known as Marshall Arch, is an arch spanning State Road 236 in downtown Marshall, Indiana, United States. The wooden arch has a span of 51 ft; it is supported by concrete piers and has a clearance of 17 ft at its highest point. Lettering on each side of the arch spells the towns name. The first work by Indiana architect Carroll O. Beeson, the arch was constructed in 1921. The towns business leaders commissioned the arch as a landmark for the town which was intended to improve the appearance of its business district. The arch was formally dedicated on September 30, 1921; the dedication honored the town&#39;s World War I veterans, although the arch was not intended to be a memorial. The structure remains in good condition and has become a popular attraction for visitors to the area.</p><br>
<p>The arch was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 26, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Barbour County Courthouse in Philippi, Barbour County, West Virginia, USA is a monumental public building constructed between 1903 and 1905 in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. It dominates the town center and is the county&#39;s chief symbol of government. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Original courthouse</h3><br>
<p>The original Barbour County Courthouse, a wood-frame Greek Revival structure, was built in 1844–46. From its octagonal cupola, in 1861, floated the first Confederate flag in what would become the state of West Virginia. Later, the building was used to house Union troops during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<h3>Present courthouse</h3><br>
<p>J. Charles Fulton of Uniontown, Pennsylvania was contracted in 1901 and designed the present courthouse building in the Richardsonian Romanesque (Romanesque Revival) style. It was constructed by contractor J.P. Conn during 1903–1905.</p><br>
<p>The 1905 structure was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. A restoration effort began in 1995 and included repair and replacement of the original stained glass interior dome. This project was named "Best Interior Rehabilitation Project" in 1999 by the Main Street Project of the West Virginia Development Office.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Barbour County Courthouse is situated in Court Square, facing Main Street, in Philippi. Its plan is a modified rectangle of solid masonry about 95 feet across the front elevation and 60 feet across the sides.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The exterior of the building is constructed of Hummelstown brownstone, a high-quality, medium-grain, dense sandstone quarried near Hummelstown in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. At the time, the stone would have traveled to West Virginia via the Brownstone to Middletown Railroad and the Middletown and Hummelstown Railroad. This stone is dark brown with reddish to purplish hues. The entirety of the exterior ashlar stonework is rusticated with the exception of the smooth voussoirs defining the arcuated portal and window openings and the stringcourses and window sills. The overall impression created is one of mass and dignity.</p><br>
<p>The 2 ½ story structure rests on a raised basement and is dominated by a colossal offset tower to the left of the massive main entrance portal and by smaller, secondary prominences such as steeply pitched wall dormers and an octagonal turret on the corner to the right of the main portal. This massive portal is flanked on its left by a large smooth shaft column with Byzantine capital; the place of its mate on the opposite side is occupied by the heavy main tower. The spandrels of the portal arch are decorated with a delicate, foliate relief pattern.</p><br>
<p>The massive, square tower, which looms asymmetrically to the left of the main portal, encompasses four stories, each delineated by smooth stone stringcourses. Its open belfry, with double, arched openings on each of the four sides, is crowned by a pyramidal roof whose four chamfered corners each terminate at the cornice level in a small spire. A stringcourse just below the cornice carries (just above the chamfered corners of the belfry superstructure) four gargoyle-like, projecting blocks of stone, which may be sculptor’s blocks left unfinished.</p><br>
<p>The arched, tripartite window immediately above the main portal is echoed by similar window treatments in the wall dormers and another just to its left. The main window above the portal and the one in the front elevation dormer are adorned with smooth shaft colonnettes. These arched windows, as well as the building’s other, flat-headed window openings (also arranged in threes) are embellished with stained-glass transoms and smooth transom bars.</p><br>
<h2>Aesthetic merit</h2><br>
<p>An authority on the Hummelstown Brownstone Company, which supplied the stone of which the courthouse is constructed, has said:</p><br>
<p>As impressive as many of the buildings trimmed in brownstone are, nothing can match the magnificence of those structures built primarily of brownstone. Perhaps the most impressive extant public building built entirely of Hummelstown brownstone is the Barbour County Courthouse in Philippi, West Virginia.... Erected in 1903, it remains a testament to the finest expectations that the public at large at the turn of the century wanted to see in their municipal architecture. Crowned with a tile roof, the alternating narrow and wide bands of rock face masonry contrast with the smooth finish of the arch and its Rococo embellishment.</p><br>
<p>Harriet Tubman National Historical Park is a US historical park in Auburn and Fleming, New York, associated with the life of Harriet Tubman. It comprises three properties: the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged, in Auburn; the nearby Harriet Tubman Residence ; and the Thompson A.M.E. Zion Church in Auburn. They are located at 180 and 182 South Street, and 33 Parker Street, respectively. The Zion Church unit is administered by the National Park Service , while the South Street properties, including a historic barn and a visitor center, are jointly managed and operated by both the NPS and the Harriet Tubman Home, Inc. The church also works with the NPS in park operations. The Harriet Tubman Grave in nearby Fort Hill Cemetery is not part of the park.</p><br>
<p>The group of properties also makes up a National Historic Landmark, the first parcel having been declared in 1974, with two others added in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Tubman was a major conductor on the Underground Railroad, and known as "the Moses of her people". She moved to Auburn with her parents after spending eight to ten years in St. Catharines, Ontario. She continued working as a suffragist, and worked all her life to care for others who were unable to care for themselves.</p><br>
<p>The Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged is the house where she fulfilled her dream of opening a home for indigent and elderly African-Americans. In 1911 she was admitted there, herself, and remained there until her death in 1913.</p><br>
<p>The Harriet Tubman Residence was Tubman&#39;s home during much of the time she lived in Auburn, from 1859 through 1913. The land was sold to her in 1859 by then-Senator William H. Seward.</p><br>
<p>Thompson A.M.E. Zion Church is an African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church where Harriet Tubman attended services. Later in her life, she deeded the Home for the Aged to the church, for it to manage after her death.</p><br>
<p>National Historical Parks</p><br>
<p>The park in Auburn was established on January 10, 2017, at a signing ceremony at the United States Department of the Interior in Washington, DC. Interior Secretary Sally Jewell was joined by New York lawmakers, local and federal officials in creating the 51st National Historical Park, and the 414th US national park system unit. The park will focus on the later years of Tubman&#39;s life.</p><br>
<p>The park joins another NPS area in Maryland in interpreting the life of Tubman. Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park includes her birthplace and Underground Railroad routes in three counties of Maryland&#39;s Eastern Shore. This sister park in Maryland was established first, on December 19, 2014, incorporating much of the previously-authorized Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument, which had been designated in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Tubman moved to Auburn, New York, after spending eight to 10 years in St. Catharines, Ontario, from which she also moved her parents. Tubman&#39;s life is commemorated in the Ontario city at Salem Chapel National Historic Site, the church she frequented, and still home to an active congregation. Federal plaques there include one which bears witness to her designation as a National Historic Person.</p><br>
<p>The Old Almaden Winery is a historic wine production site in Santa Clara County, California situated on the eastern slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains. The winery is no longer in operation, the Almaden Vineyards company moved to Madera, California, and the vestigial remains of the property have been made into a public park; much of the prior winery grounds have also been converted to single family residential uses, following a series of environmental planning studies. Established in 1852, the Old Almaden Winery was the oldest winery in California, and the site is designated as a California Historical Landmark.</p><br>
<p>One of the old remaining heritage trees from the estate is a 72-inch schinus molle (California Pepper Tree), previously part of the old mansion grounds on the winery estate.</p><br>
<p>Boulevards in Omaha are part of a park and boulevard system originally designed in 1889 by Horace Cleveland. There are more than 100 mi of boulevards throughout the city of Omaha, Nebraska today.</p><br>
<p>The park-and-boulevard system is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1889 Horace W.S. Cleveland proposed that the city of Omaha develop a series of "broad ornamental avenues, known as boulevards or parkways" designed "with a tasteful arrangement of trees and shrubbery at the sides and in the center", similar to the comprehensive plans of European cities in the mid-19th century. His plan was accepted by the citys Parks Commission, resulting in the construction of Florence Boulevard, then called "Omahas Prettiest Mile Boulevard", in 1892.</p><br>
<p>Omahas early boulevard system was viewed as an extension of the parks system in the early park of the 20th century. Florence Boulevard was the first link; the second was Hanscom Boulevard, which was designed to connect the citys first two park, Hanscom Park, with its second, Riverview Park. Happy Hollow, Fontenelle and Turner Boulevards followed. The development of Lincoln Boulevard in Bemis Park was credited with the rapid growth of that subdivision in the early 20th century. A large segment of that boulevard was demolished during the construction of Interstate 480 in the early 1960s, and only a small segment remains.</p><br>
<p>The boulevard system originally weaved North Omaha, Midtown Omaha and South Omaha together, with sections traveling to Dundee, Gifford Park, Field Club and Benson. Plantings, tree-lined drives and smooth roadways throughout the city were treated with park-like value. A 1915 plan epitomized this ideal by calling for a riverfront boulevard that weaved the entire length of the Missouri River through Omaha. The northern section, called J.J. Pershing Drive, was finished by 1920; Gifford Drive in South Omaha was designed to do the same. However, influential Omaha architect John Latenser was adamant about preventing this project from coming to fruition in Downtown Omaha, where he saw the boulevard potentially impeding on his plans for the Port of Omaha. Because of his resistance this early "back to the river" plan did not succeed.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s the city pushed to reconstruct its boulevard system, and received forty percent of the revenue from its wheel tax to do that. The Works Progress Administration assisted with construction, leading to the city adding more than 30 mi onto the existing system of 65 mi of roadway. In 1934 the WPA completed work on the Saddle Creek Underpass, which took what was then the westernmost addition to the system under Dodge Street. Today Saddle Creek Boulevard is called Saddle Creek Road.</p><br>
<p>The late 1940s construction of the Deer Park Boulevard leading to the new Johnny Rosenblatt stadium on that street is credited with giving John Rosenblatt the political ability to become the mayor of Omaha. Abbott Drive was built by Eppley Airfield during this period, too, becoming the easternmost link in Omaha&#39;s boulevard system.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>The Sorensen Parkway is a modern version of the historic boulevard system that was built in the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>In the early first decade of the 21st century a plan was adopted by the city of Omaha to introduce more boulevards throughout the suburbs of Omaha. The Revised Suburban Parks Master Plan identifies two types of boulevard as the "Grand Boulevard", which is designed as Cleveland originally conceptualized it, and the "Parkway" style. The Grand Boulevard is characterized by wide lanes, planting medians in between roadways, and limited access through narrow driveways and side streets. The Parkway features a faster speed limit, broad, tree-lined roadways and limited residential access. Both have large trees with broad canopies. Lighting, roundabouts, signage and concrete types are all also considerations. The boulevard system is also included in the city of Omaha&#39;s Green Streets Master Plan.</p><br>
<p>The James Bruce Round Barn is a round barn located near the Stephenson County, Illinois city of Freeport, United States. The barn was constructed in 1914 by the team of Jeremiah Shaffer and the Haas Brothers, who were responsible for at least a dozen round barns in the area. The barn features a single hip roof design which was probably influenced by the Agricultural Experiment Stations at the University of Illinois and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The Bruce Round Barn was the last known round barn designed by the Shaffer&ndash;Haas team. The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places as part of a multiple property submission in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The James Bruce Round Barn is one of 31 round barns found in a four county area that includes Winnebago County, Stephenson County in Illinois, and Rock and Green Counties in Wisconsin. Twenty one of those barns are within Stephenson County. The Bruce Round Barn was constructed in 1914 for James Bruce by Jeremiah Shaffer and the Haas Brothers.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The barn was designed by the team of Jeremiah Shaffer and the Haas Brothers, Shaffer&#39;s five brothers-in-law. The Shaffer&ndash;Haas team built 12 of 13 round barns in the Stephenson&ndash;Winnebago County area that have had their carpentry positively attributed.</p><br>
<p>The diameter of the James Bruce Round Barn is 58 feet 8 inches (about 17.7 m). Its exterior is clad in wooden siding, known as "drop siding," and it stands on a poured concrete foundation. The single hip roof is supported by a series of braces and topped with a cupola. The stave silo has a diameter of 12 feet (3.7 m) and is accessed on the barns northeast side via a banked entrance. Animals entered the barn at grade level on the south side of the building. Above the south and northeast entrances are overshoots which extend from the wall diagonally and were meant to compensate for the buildings lack of overall storm protection. and a wooden central silo.</p><br>
<p>The single hip roof design represents the evolution of round barn construction in northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin. Furthermore, the inclusion of a central wooden silo on the Bruce Barn may represent the cumulative influence from Agricultural Experiment Stations at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the University of Wisconsin–Madison.</p><br>
<p>In the days before mechanization, round barns were seen as being useful because of their labor-saving features: the livestock could be fed in one pass around the barn, using the hay stored in the loft above the stock and the grain in the central silo. Cleaning out the manure likewise could be done in one circuit, with fewer wasted steps. The coming of machinery, especially with the Rural Electrification program, obviated labor-saving designs that were more complicated to build, and round barns faded into history.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Bruce Round Barn is the last known round barn constructed by the team of Shaffer and the Haas Brothers. The University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station heavily influenced the roof style.</p><br>
<p>The James Bruce Round Barn was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1984. Each property submitted under the auspices of a multiple property submission is listed on the National Register of Historic Places individually.</p><br>
<p>Piłsudski&#39;s Mound   is located in Kraków, Poland, and was established by the Polish nation in honor of Józef Piłsudski. An artificial mound, it was constructed between the years, 1934 and 1937. It is located in the western part of Kraków, on the Sowiniec Heights, Kraków&#39;s VII District "Zwierzyniec". It is the newest and largest of Kraków&#39;s four mounds.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1934 the Polish Legionists, and their associations, proposed to build a monument commemorating the re-establishment of Poland&#39;s independence. The Committee for Mound Construction was created in Warsaw, and was chaired by Walery Sławek. Construction began on 6 August 1934, the 20th anniversary of the departure of First Cadre Company from Kraków at the beginning of World War I.</p><br>
<p>After the death of Marshal Józef Piłsudski on 12 May 1935, the Legionists - former subordinates of Piłsudski, the creator of the Legions - decided to change the name of the mound after their leader. The mound was completed on 9 July 1937. Soil from every World War I battlefield in which Poles fought was placed into the mound.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, Hans Frank, Nazi German governor of occupied Poland, issued the order to flatten and destroy the Mound, but due to the difficulty and expense it was never carried out. After the war, the communist government of Poland, which considered the Mound a relic of the capitalist Second Polish Republic, still supported by the Polish government-in-exile, tried to minimize the Mound&#39;s importance. Any mentions of it were removed from official publications and the surrounding area was filled with trees to help obscure the view. Unofficially it was referred to as the "Kopiec Sowiniec" (Sowiniec Mound). However, the most damage to the monument was inflicted during the Stalinist era; in 1953 the granite tablet with the Legion&#39;s cross was removed, and much of the surface area of the Mound was devastated.</p><br>
<p>In 1981, with the weakening of the communist government, the reconstruction of the Mound was begun. Soil from World War II battlefields in which various Polish armies participated was added to the monument, and it gained a nickname of &#39;Grave of Graves&#39;. In 1995, five years after the fall of communism in Poland, the first major renovation of the Mound was completed. In 1997 a major flood damaged the Mound, and a second renovation began soon afterwards, finalized in 2002 with a ceremony attended by the president of Poland.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>*architect: Franciszek Mączyński</p><br>
<p>*landscape architects: and Alina Scholtz</p><br>
<p>*height: 35 m (383 m AMSL)</p><br>
<p>*diameter of base: 111 m</p><br>
<p>*volume: 130,000 m³</p><br>
<p>Sahale Mountain is a jagged, glaciated mountain, in North Cascades National Park, in northern Washington state. The summit of Sahale Mountain is referred to as Sahale Peak. It is just 0.3 mi south of its higher neighbor, Boston Peak, and the saddle between the two is only 80 ft lower than Sahale&#39;s summit. Quien Sabe Glacier is to the west of the ridge between the two peaks while Davenport Glacier is in a cirque east of this ridge and above Horseshoe Basin. Sahale Glacier is south of the summit and east of Sahale Arm, a ridge that extends southwest from Sahale to Cascade Pass.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Sahale Peak is noted for its panoramic views and is popular among mountaineers. The least technical route follows the Sahale Arm from the Cascade Pass Trail to the Sahale Glacier. From the glacier there is a 3–4 climb to the summit. Another option is to traverse from the Sahale Arm onto the Quien Sabe Glacier and climb the glacier to the rock ridge north of the peak. The climb up this ridge is also class 3–4 but crosses some loose rock and is more exposed. Cascade Pass and the Sahale Arm can be reached from Marblemount to the west or from the east, it is accessible via a trail, from Stehekin, up the Stehekin River valley.</p><br>
<p>The Dutchess Quarry Cave Site is located along NY 17A in the Town of Goshen in Orange County, New York. It is midway between the village of Goshen and Florida, at the junction of Quarry Road , built into the side of a 580-foot  hill known as Mount Lookout.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s, archaeologists digging at the site found caves with artifacts left by hunter-gatherers 12,000 years ago, during the last Ice Age. A Paleo-Indian fluted point, a very rare stone tool, was among them. At the time of its discovery it was the oldest such site east of the Mississippi.</p><br>
<p>The site has been at the center of a battle between local archaeologists and the Pleasant Valley-based Dutchess Quarry and Supply Company, which actively produces dolomite gravel on the site. The companys operations have expanded in recent years to meet growing demand in the region, moving its activities closer to the cave site than they were when first discovered. It monitors the caves closely when it needs to do blasting, and the county has established a preserve on the most important 20 acres (4 ha) of the 177-acre (71 ha) site. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, with the sites boundaries expanded in 1997.</p><br>
<p>But the researchers fear that a hitherto undisturbed area known as the Alpine Meadow, which may contain even more artifacts but also has road-grade dolomite, may be mined. They would like to see the county acquire at least a conservation easement on the cave site, and include it in its Open Space Plan. The company, which has been mining gravel on the property since 1938, says it is open to any solutions that do not adversely impact its extraction operations.</p><br>
<p>Archeologists also fear that the public may not adequately appreciate the site&#39;s value, or even be aware of its existence. The only person authorized to conduct tours of the site left the area in 2004, and it is not otherwise open to the public due to the quarrying operations.</p><br>
<p>Rogers Hall, also known as Courtview, is a three-story antebellum house at 500 Court Street in Florence, Alabama. It was built from 1854 to 1855. It is one of the oldest historic landmarks on the University of North Alabama campus and one of the university&#39;s most distinctive structures. The building was recorded by the Historic American Buildings Survey from 1934–35. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 13, 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Greek Revival-style mansion was constructed for George Washington Foster, a prominent local with plantations in Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi. He had the grounds professionally landscaped by the Hastings firm out of Atlanta.</p><br>
<p>Foster died in 1878, with the property going to his daughter, Sarah Independence Foster, and her husband, Stirling Payne MacDonald. MacDonald was a former captain in the Confederate Army. According to the diary of Sarah Foster MacDonald, the grounds were occupied by camps of Confederate and Union soldiers during the American Civil War. Union Army officers, under the command of William Tecumseh Sherman, stayed in house on November 3, 1863. Confederate generals P. G. T. Beauregard, Nathan Bedford Forrest and Stephen D. Lee visited the home in 1864. General Forrest, his wife, and son stayed with the Foster family for several days.</p><br>
<p>Courtview was occupied by members of the Foster family until 1900, when it was sold to Emmet ONeal, a Wesleyan University alumnus who served as the 34th Governor of Alabama from 1911 to 1915. After 1915, ONeal lived in Birmingham and rented out the building as a boarding house. It was acquired by Thomas M. Rogers in 1922 and underwent significant restoration and remodeling. The Rogers family sold the house in 1948 to Florence State Teachers College, now known as the University of North Alabama.</p><br>
<p>During the 1950s, the former residence was used as a guest house and for social events. The parlors on the first floor were used frequently for student meetings. The dining room and adjoining rooms were used by faculty and members of the Florence community. During the early 1980s, alumni, faculty and staff initiated "Project Courtview", a fund drive to restore Rogers Hall. Over 700 people volunteered their services.</p><br>
<p>From 1863 to 1929, the Hummelstown Brownstone Company  owned and operated quarries in the Hummelstown, Pennsylvania area which produced Hummelstown brownstone, once widely used as a building stone throughout the USA. The quarries of the HBC are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History and operations</h2><br>
<p>Hummelstown brownstone pits were first opened by early German settlers in the late 18th Century. The HBC itself (originally known as the Pennsylvania Brown Free Stone Company) was founded by Allen Walton and the quarries employed many immigrant skilled stone-cutters and laborers.</p><br>
<p>At the height of its production, the HBC employed about 500 men in quarrying and finishing the stone. Most of the skilled workers were Italian, German, and Scotch-Irish immigrants. However, because the nature of the stone made it impossible for the stone to be quarried in the cold of winter, only the skilled workers were kept on during the winter months.</p><br>
<p>Although not as large as the vast brownstone quarries at Portland, Connecticut, the Hummelstown operation was their equal in every respect and a viable competitor of most other brownstone quarries including those at Medina and Moscow, New York.</p><br>
<p>The Walton family published an advertising booklet around 1910 which listed almost 400 structures built of their stone.</p><br>
<p>The Perry Hall Mansion is a historic structure located in the area to which it gave its name, Perry Hall, Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. Erected on a hill above the Gunpowder River Valley, the mansion is an excellent example of late colonial and early 19th century life in eastern Baltimore County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction began under Corbin Lee, who died in 1773. It was completed under Harry Dorsey Gough, a wealthy Baltimore merchant, in 1776. Gough named the estate Perry Hall, after his familys ancestral home of the same name within what is now Perry Hall Park, in Perry Barr, England, a northern suburb of Birmingham. From the 16-room mansion, Gough administered his vast plantation operation, where dozens of slaves tended cattle, various food crops, and stands of tobacco. The Perry Hall estate was so influential that maps from the period typically identify modern-day Bel Air Road (USA Route 1) as “Perry Hall Road” or “Goughs Road.”</p><br>
<p>Gough died on May 8, 1808. Due to his statewide prominence, more than 2,000 people attended his funeral, which was held at the Perry Hall estate. The mansion was generally viewed as being at its zenith during the early Nineteenth Century. Visitors commented on the distinctive architectural features of the home as well as the lush gardens on the surrounding grounds. When one looks at the mansion as it existed in Goughs time, it is clear that the house included features that mirrored the diverse facets of Harry Dorsey Goughs life. The impressive wine cellars and expansive grand hall used for entertaining symbolized Goughs socially prominent life before his conversion to Methodism. After his conversion, Gough built a chapel near the mansions eastern wing that allowed him to quietly pursue his religious worship, along with his family, servants, and other neighboring landowners.</p><br>
<p>Perry Hall remained under the ownership of Gough&#39;s descendents until 1852, when it was sold to investors who subdivided much of the property among immigrant families who built dozens of farms. The mansion remained in private ownership for over two centuries, and by 2001, the vast estate had been whittled down to approximately four acres. That year, the mansion was sold to Baltimore County for future use as a museum and community center. The home in its original form appears in three large paintings made about 1803 by Francis Guy.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Friends of the Perry Hall Mansion</h2><br>
<p>Since its acquisition by the Department of Parks and Recreation for Baltimore County, the Perry Hall Mansion has received a comprehensive exterior renovation. In addition, a structure has been created so as to allow for the public to be directly involved in shaping the future of this historically significant property.</p><br>
<p>The Friends of the Perry Hall Mansion is a freestanding organization, formed in September 2007, that aims to work to complete the renovations at the mansion, and care for the structure once the project is finished. The officers and directors will work to achieve the group&#39;s mission to educate the public about the Perry Hall Mansion and provide input to Baltimore County government on its uses and operations.</p><br>
<p>The Friends&#39; agenda includes continued fund-raising for the interior renovation of the building, the initiation of an archaeological dig on the property, and the completion of a master plan to help guide the future use and continuous improvement of the mansion and grounds. Current members of the board of directors are as follows: Jeffrey Smith, president, Neil Miller, vice president, Tim Kosiba, treasurer, Linda Polesne, secretary, Colleen Bowers, membership chairperson, and Wayne Schaumburg, Vince Pecora, Ann Palrang, Laura Kimball, Melissa Redmer, and Peggy Neidlinger, directors.</p><br>
<p>Tukangbesi Islands, is a group of islands off the coast of Sulawesi immediately east of Buton island in the Banda Sea region, and part of Sulawesi Tenggara. "Tukang Besi" literally means "iron worker" or "blacksmith" in Bahasa Indonesia. There is a Tukang Besi language. Separating Buton and the group is the Gulf of Kolowana Watabo.</p><br>
<p>Islands in the group:</p><br>
<p>Wakatobi</p><br>
<p>Northwest: Wangiwangi Island, Kambode, Kampenane, Timor</p><br>
<p>North Central: Kaledupa, Hoga, Linea Island,</p><br>
<p>South Central: Tomea, Talondano, Lineta, Binongko</p><br>
<p>Eastern outliers: Moromaho, Cowocowo, Kentiole, Runduma, Anano</p><br>
<p>Western atolls. Karang Kapota, Karang Kaledupa</p><br>
<p>Eastern atolls: Karang Koromaha, Karang Kadupa</p><br>
<p>Langkesi islands (Kepulauan Langkesi) so the northeast.</p><br>
<p>The town of Papalia is on Binongko.</p><br>
<p>Lake Eola Park is a public park located in Downtown Orlando, Florida. Lake Eola is the main feature of the park. Also located in the park  is the Walt Disney Amphitheater, which hosts many community events and various performances year round. On the east side of the park is a Chinese pagoda, and a playground. The park is surrounded by four streets: East Robinson Street , Rosalind Avenue , East Central Boulevard, and North Eola Drive.</p><br>
<h2>Lake Eola</h2><br>
<p>Lake Eola is a small lake in Downtown Orlando, Florida, located at {{coord|28|32|37|N|81|22|22|W|type:waterbody_region:US-FL}} in Lake Eola Park. The lake is actually a sinkhole and is famous for its fountain. The sinkhole is approximately 23 ft deep and is located 100 ft east of the fountain. The fountain changes colors at night like a light show. The lake is 4,493 ft in circumference and 23 acre large. A 0.85 mi multi-use sidewalk surrounds the water.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1883, wealthy Orlando resident Jacob Summerlin—owner of the Summerlin Hotel, the first City Council president, and financial lender for the construction of Orlando&#39;s courthouse in the 1870s—donated a large tract of land to establish a park in Orlando. In 1883, Summerlin came to a city council meeting and offered the land around the lake on the condition that was beautified and turned into a park. He also required that the city plant trees and put a "driveway" around the lake. To ensure that the city followed through with the stipulations of the donation, Summerlin put reverter clauses in the contract to allow his heirs to reclaim the property if the city failed in its obligations. Several years later, his sons threatened to exercise the reverter clause if the city did not make good on its promise. Today, the park is still maintained according to his requirement that it be kept beautiful.</p><br>
<p>The park was informally established in 1888 using the first parcel of land; it was the first of many that were donated to the City of Orlando by several families. His sons named it Lake Eola, after a lady they both knew. The area was officially declared as a park in 1892. The park area has been home to a zoo; a horse race track; tennis courts; a pier with a dance area; and the broadcast site of a local radio station. The fountain was installed in 1912 at a cost of $10,000. A replacement, originally dubbed the "Centennial Fountain," was installed in 1957 at a cost of $350,000. The actual name of the fountain is the "Linton E. Allen Memorial Fountain". The iconic water feature is the unofficial symbol of Orlando.</p><br>
<p>Lake Eola Park was expanded in 1993 with the closure of Washington Street, which ran between Lee&#39;s Lakeside restaurant and the park. With the expansion, the restaurant and Post Parkside Apartments were now located in the park. The International Food Court was also created at this time.</p><br>
<p>In late August 2009, lightning struck the fountain, rendering it inoperable. The city has a $1 million insurance policy on the fountain, with a $500,000 deductible. Because of the city&#39;s then-current budget crisis, the fate of the fountain was unknown. On October 15, 2009, Mayor Buddy Dyer announced that the city would not only repair the fountain, but "also replace its cracked plastic skin and install a state-of-the-art system of lights and water jets" at a cost of $2.3 million. The fountain was rededicated and resumed operation on July 4, 2011.</p><br>
<p>In July 2013 the park expanded to the Southeast to include East Washington Street. The expansion added an extra 1.36 acres of lawn, new LED lighting, widened sidewalks, nearly 4,000 square feet of paved patio and an additional 7,500 square feet of brick paved space on East Washington Street. In September 2013 the City opened Eola House at 12 East Washington Street. The house sits on the expanded part of the park and serves as a welcome center, gift shop and park offices for the Lake Eola Park. Also in 2013, six sculptures were installed by the non-profit See Art Orlando.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>*Spin City Classic (March): sanctioned professional and amateur bicycle racing on the streets around the park.</p><br>
<p>*Fireworks Over the Fountain (July 4th): celebration, entertainment, and food. Starts at 4 p.m. with fireworks at dark.</p><br>
<p>*Fiesta in the Park (First full weekend in November, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.): a 600-booth arts and crafts show with entertainment and food.</p><br>
<p>*Come Out With Pride (October): LGBT pride festival hosted at the park with a parade, vendors, food, and fireworks at dark.</p><br>
<p>*Lake Eola Park Events are posted monthly on the Walt Disney Amphitheater at Lake Eola billboard on the northwest corner of the park. Additional event and park info is located http://www.cityoforlando.net/parks/lake-eola-park/ here.</p><br>
<h2>Other activities</h2><br>
<p>*Orlando Farmers Market: Every Sunday from 10am-4:00pm.</p><br>
<p>Johnson Hall State Historic Site was the home of Sir William Johnson  an Irish pioneer who became the influential British Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the Province of New York, known for his strong relationship especially with the Mohawk and other Iroquois League nations.</p><br>
<p>Johnson Hall is located at Hall Avenue, West State Street and Johnson Avenue, in Johnstown, New York.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built seven miles from the Mohawk River, close to Hall Creek. Hall Creek provided water sufficient to power a sawmill and later a grist mill. Built of wood, the house frame was covered with wood planks intended to simulate stone. Johnson engaged leading colonial architect Peter Harrison (1716-1775) to design the house; he hired the carpenter, Samuel Fuller, to build it. At least some of the ideas for the house came from the Builders Companion magazine. Johnson also had two block houses built as defenses against attack on the frontier, as the British had just ended the Seven Years War with the French.</p><br>
<p>Johnson founded Johnstown, New York, and came to own a 400,000 acre estate. Johnson moved here from Old Fort Johnson in 1763 and lived here until he died in 1774. The house was inherited by his son, John Johnson. During the American Revolution, the rebel government in New York seized Johnson Hall because the Johnsons had gone to Canada as Loyalists. In 1779 the state sold the house to Silas Talbot, a migrant from New England.</p><br>
<p>It was used as a private residence by various owners until 1906, when the state bought it for preservation and interpretation as a house museum of the most important colonial landowner in the state. It received restoration in the early twentieth century and in the 1950s, to remove additions of the late nineteenth century and better reflect its original time. The historic site includes more than 18 acres of land.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<p>Ralph Bunche High School was a school constructed in 1949 as a result of Civil Action 631 to provide "separate but equal" education for African-American students in King George County, Virginia. The school operated until 1968 when King George High School was completed and the county&#39;s schools integrated. The school was named for Ralph Bunche, an African-American educator, diplomat and Nobel Prize winner.</p><br>
<p>The building continued to be used for various school uses until 1998, including at times as an elementary school, for several specialized programs, including secondary and pre-school, and for School Board administrative offices and some School Board meetings. Ralphe Bunche High School alumni formed a preservation committee in 1998 after plans to demolish the building were discussed. In August of that year, the King George County School Board approved a resolution to preserve the building allowing it to be registered as a historical site. In May, 2007 the Ralph Bunche Alumni Association unveiled a commemorative plaque to be placed on the building.</p><br>
<p>The building is currently on the National Register of Historic Places. In 2016, efforts were underway to turn the old school building into the Ralph Bunche Museum and Cultural Centre.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Al Bumbry, former Major League Baseball outfielder who played for the Baltimore Orioles and San Diego Padres</p><br>
<p>Morzhovets Island  is an island in the southern limit of the Barents Sea. It is located in Mezen Bay, at the entrance of the White Sea thus separating the Barents Sea and the White Sea.</p><br>
<p>Morzhovets island lies 14.5 mi from mainland Russia.</p><br>
<h2>Geographical data</h2><br>
<p>Morzhovets lies only a few km above the Arctic Circle. This island has an area of 110 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The area where this island is located belongs to the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russian Federation. Administratively, the island is part of Mezensky District.</p><br>
<p>The island is flat and grassy (covered by tundra) and it has many lakes. The biggest one is Lake Morzhovets. There is a settlement on Morzhovets, Severny Gorodok, which serves the lighthouse and the meteorogical station. The population of the settlement is 12.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Historically, the pomors who populated the coast of the Mezen Bay, were fishing along the coast. A sudden change of the weather could drive them off-shore. In this case, Morzhovets island was the last land before they got driven off to the Barents Sea and perish, and thus was considered to be the last resort. In particular, the father of the Russian polymath Mikhail Lomonosov, Vasily Lomonosov, died in the sea, and his body was found on the island. Pomor fishermen built a chapel on the island, which did not survive.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>-ru B. Wwedenski et al. Bolschaja sowetskaja enziklopedija: Tom 28. Isd-wo Bolschaja sowetskaja enziklopedija, Moscow 1954, p. 302</p><br>
<p>-ru G. Gilbo Sprawotschnik po istorii geografitscheskich naswani na pobereschje SSSR. Ministerstwo oborony Soiusa SSR, Glaw. upr. nawigazii i okeanografii, 1985, pp. 217-218.</p><br>
<p>The Tippecanoe County Courthouse is located on the public square in the city of Lafayette in Tippecanoe County, Indiana. The public square is located between the north-south 3rd and 4th Streets and between the east-west Main and Columbia Streets.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is located in the Downtown Lafayette Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When the county was first organized in 1826, rooms were rented in which to conduct county business, until 1829 when the first courthouse was built; it was a two-story brick building. It was replaced by a larger brick building in 1845 at a cost of about $3,000; there was a fire in this building in the 1840s, but it was extinguished before it could do any damage. The third and current courthouse was built on the site from 1881 to 1884 at a cost of about $500,000. It is built of Indiana limestone and is two-and-a-half stories tall on a raised basement. Architecturally, it is a pastiche of styles including Second Empire, Beaux Arts, Baroque, Rococo, Georgian and Neo-Classical. Paul Goeldner in his study of Midwestern courthouses called the building the "epitome of county capitals".</p><br>
<p>When Samuel Clemens visited Lafayette he was asked his opinion about the Tippecanoe County Courthouse by a local newspaper reporter; Clemens replied: "Striking, striking indeed! It must have struck the taxpayers a mighty blow!" The comment was accurate as this was the most expensive courthouse built in the state until the Allen County Courthouse was built some twenty years later. The courthouse has one hundred columns, nine statues, an elongated dome with four clock faces and a 3,000 lb bell tuned to C-sharp. A 14-foot statue depicting liberty tops the courthouse dome at a height of 212 feet.</p><br>
<h2>Attempted bombing</h2><br>
<p>On August 2, 1998, perpetrator(s) crashed a pickup truck full of gasoline and explosives through the eastern entrance of the Tippecanoe County Courthouse. Local firefighters were able to put out the blazing truck—fortunately before any of the flammable materials in the truck were able to catch fire. On August 11, county authorities placed concrete barriers around the courthouse to help prevent a similar attack in the future.</p><br>
<p>A white male in his mid-40s was wanted for questioning because he was spotted near the scene around the time the truck crashed into the courthouse. Agents with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives found evidence at the scene and sent it for processing but no arrest was ever made for the attempted bombing of the county courthouse. In 2008, a $50,000 reward was offered for information leading to an arrest but no progress was made before the statute of limitations expired later that year. The case remains one of few unsolved suspected instances of domestic terrorism in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Grytøya is an island located just north of the large island of Hinnøya and south of the island of Bjarkøya in northern Norway. It belongs to the municipality of Harstad in Troms county. It is surrounded by the Vågsfjorden in the east and the Andfjorden in the west. The island has an area of 108 km&sup2; and the highest peak is the 1,012 m tall mountain Nona. The population of Grytøya  is 539. The northern part of the island was formerly part of the old municipality of Bjarkøy, which merged with Harstad on 1 January 2013.</p><br>
<p>The southeastern part of the island is the most agriculturally productive. There is a ferry connection from Bjørnå (on Grytøya) to Vika (on Hinnøya), just north of the town of Harstad. The main road on the island follows the coastline from the northeast at Fenes to Grotavær in the northwest. There is very little settlement on the northern coast, and no road connections there.</p><br>
<p>There are ferry connections to neighboring Bjarkøya and Sandsøya; these are planned to be replaced by the Bjarkøy Fixed Link, a bridge and undersea tunnel system connecting the three islands.</p><br>
<p>The Jethro Coffin House, also known as the Oldest House, is a saltbox house on Sunset Hill Road in Nantucket, Massachusetts. Built in 1686, is the oldest house on Nantucket in its original location and is the only surviving structure from the island&#39;s 17th century English settlement. Because of the brick design on its chimney, it is also called the Horseshoe House. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1968. It is now a historic house museum owned and operated by the Nantucket Historical Association.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Coffin House is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a steeply-pitched roof and a large brick central chimney. The chimney is adorned with a projection in the shape of an inverted U; this has been variously interpreted as a horseshoe, or as a hex for warding off witches, or as a vernacular rendition of Jacobean brickwork styling. The house has only a relatively small number of casement windows, all of which feature diamond panes. There are two on either side of the main entrance, with others placed asymmetrically on the other walls. The house has a classic New England saltbox appearance, with a leanto (an addition in the early 18th century, rebuilt during restoration in the early 20th) extending to the rear of the house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1686 as a wedding gift for Jethro Coffin and his bride, Mary Gardner (granddaughter of Thomas Gardner). Jethro Coffin was a grandson of Tristram Coffin, one of the islands original proprietors. It was abandoned by a later owner during the American Civil War. The Nantucket Historical Association (NHA) acquired the property in 1923, and conducted a major restoration of the property, including a reconstruction of the leanto section based on photographs after it was extensively damaged by fire in the 1860s. The houses chimney was struck by lightning in 1987, and the house sustained significant damage. The property was carefully restored by the NHA under the guidance of John Milner Architects, Inc.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1968. It is also a contributing element of the Nantucket Historic District, a National Historic Landmark District.</p><br>
<p>Stony Kill Farm is located on NY 9D in the Town of Fishkill, New York, United States. It is a 1,000+ acre  working farm owned and operated by the state Department of Environmental Conservation  as an environmental education center.</p><br>
<p>In 1683, settlers Gulian Verplanck and Francis Rombout bought the 85,000-acre (430 km²) tract, including the farm, from the Wappinger Indians for goods worth approximately $1,250. In 1708 the Great Partition of this land put the area around the farm in the Verplanck familys hands. Instead of working it themselves, they took in tenant farmers to keep the land worked and productive. They built the stone tenant farmhouse near the propertys main entrance in four sections between the late 17th and early 19th centuries.</p><br>
<p>An 1836 subdivision of the property gave a thousand acres (4 km²), including the current farm, to descendant James DeLancy Verplanck of nearby Beacon. He had a Greek Revival home, now known as the Manor House, built and moved into it in 1842.</p><br>
<p>A century later, his descendants gave the farm to the state Education Department (SED) for use as a teaching farm. It was used for this purpose by SUNY Farmingdale until the late 1960s, when the college decided it no longer needed the property. In 1973 DEC took it over and converted it to its present use. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Today, DEC uses the property to help visitors learn about basic ecological issues. They can either do this on their own, by walking the property and hiking several trails or perusing the library at the Manor House, or by taking part in the many programs DEC offers or sponsors with other groups on the site.</p><br>
<p>Newtown Battlefield State Park, formerly known as Newtown Battlefield Reservation, was the site of the Battle of Newtown fought in August 1779, during the American Revolutionary War. It was the only major battle of the Sullivan Expedition, an armed offensive led by General John Sullivan that was ordered by the Continental Congress to end the threat of the Iroquois who had sided with the British in the American Revolutionary War. In the battle, the Iroquois were defeated decisively. The site is today managed as a 372 acre state park.</p><br>
<p>Because the present day battlefield is quite heavily wooded and obscured to the casual passerby on the highway below, a narrow column of white granite known as the Newton Battlefield Monument sits atop the hill where this historic battle once took place in Elmira, in Chemung County. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.</p><br>
<p>On January 19, 2010, New York State Governor David Paterson proposed closing the park to reduce the states growing budget deficit. However, the park was allowed to remain open after budget adjustments were made throughout the states park system.</p><br>
<p>Locust Grove is a National Historic Landmark estate located on US 9 in the Town of Poughkeepsie, New York. The 180-acre park-like estate includes homes, a carriage house, ice house, trails, a flower garden, and vegetable garden, and it overlooks the Hudson River from a bluff. The property includes a home designed by architect Alexander Jackson Davis for Samuel F. B. Morse, the inventor of the telegraph. An Italianate style mansion, it was completed in 1851.</p><br>
<p>The estate is open to the public, tours are offered, and the site is used for weddings and parties. It includes a museum, nature preserve, antique exhibits, and a gallery showing artworks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Livingston Jr. was Locust Grove&#39;s first resident owner and named the estate after the black locust trees growing on the property in 1771 when he purchased the property from his own father. After his death his heirs sold the property to a wealthy New York City couple, John and Isabella Montgomery. They moved farming operations to the lower-lying lands closer to the river and built a cottage.</p><br>
<p>Morse bought the land from them in 1847, three years after his breakthrough with the telegraph. He hired Davis in 1851 and began working with him to remodel and expand the cottage into an Italianate villa. He continued to improve the landscape around the house, which became his summer home, for the rest of his life.</p><br>
<p>After Morses death in 1872, his family spent less time in Poughkeepsie and eventually emptied the mansion and rented the estate. One of their tenants, William Young, moved to Locust Grove in 1895 and eventually bought the property from Morses heirs in 1901. He and his wife Martha realized its historic importance and restored the mansion and gardens. They added modern amenities like central heat, and hot and cold running water, as well as a new dining room and guest bedrooms in a large north wing (the last significant renovation to the building). Family heirlooms were the foundation of the Young Familys 20,000-piece collection of fine and decorative arts, today displayed in the mansions 40 rooms.</p><br>
<p>William and Martha Youngs daughter, Annette, and son, Innis, also worked to preserve and restore the house, which was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. Annette and Innis Young also restored their great-great grandfathers home, the Locust Lawn Estate and opened it to the public as a museum in 1958.</p><br>
<p>Annette Young died in 1975, establishing in her will a trust so that her house, property, and collections of paintings and decorative arts could be opened to the public. Five years later, they were. Today the estate offers guided tours, lectures and other special events. Five miles (5 km) of trails, originally 19th-century carriage roads, have been built in the woods around the house. Admission to the grounds is free; there is a fee for guided tours of the mansion.</p><br>
<p>The Wisconsin Heights Battlefield is an area in Dane County, Wisconsin where the penultimate battle of the 1832 Black Hawk War occurred. The conflict was fought between the Illinois and Michigan Territory militias and Sauk chief Black Hawk and his band of warriors, who were fleeing their homeland following the Fox Wars. The Wisconsin Heights Battlefield is the only intact battle site from the Indian Wars in the USA Midwest. Today, the battlefield is managed and preserved by the state of Wisconsin as part of the Lower Wisconsin State Riverway. In 2002, it was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Knowledge of the history of native tribes before the middle of the 18th century in the area of Wisconsin Heights Battlefield is limited. Samuel de Champlain is said to have heard of native tribes living "many leagues beyond Lake Huron" during the 17th century. The group Champlain heard about was known as the "Fire Nation" or the "Mascoutens." The Mascoutens, along with the Kickapoo and Miami were probably settled in the area around the Fox River and claimed much of the land to the south, including the battlefield, as their hunting grounds. Eventually, the Mascoutens, Kickapoo and Miami migrated further south along the shore of Lake Michigan.Cole, Harry Ellsworth, ed.</p><br>
<p>, Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1918, pp. 166–184. Retrieved September 16, 2007.</p><br>
<p>The relocated Mascoutens were replaced by the influx of Sauk and Fox following the Fox Wars in the western Great Lakes and Detroit regions. After the conflicts, the remaining Sauk and Fox sought refuge together in lands further west, extending north from the Wisconsin River to the Illinois River in the south. Other settlements were established north of the Missouri River.</p><br>
<p>The area known as the Wisconsin Heights Battlefield was the site of the penultimate engagement of the 1832 Black Hawk War, fought between the United States state militia and allies, and the Sauk and Fox tribes, led by Black Hawk. The battle took place in what is now Dane County, near the present-day Sauk County–Dane County line. Despite being outnumbered and sustaining heavy casualties, Black Hawk&#39;s warriors managed to delay the combined forces long enough to allow the majority of the Sauk and Fox civilians in the group to escape across the Wisconsin River.</p><br>
<p>The battlefield has been described as "beautiful and romantic". Through the early 1920s the area remained privately owned. On a cloudless Labor Day, September 3, 1923, 500 people gathered at the battlefield for the dedication of a marker at the site. A four-foot Bedford limestone marker was installed by a group consisting of the Madison Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), the Wisconsin Historical Society, and the State Archaeological Society. The monument carried the following inscription:</p><br>
<p>For 30 years the DAR marker stood as the sole monument to the battle. The Wisconsin Historical Society installed a metal interpretive marker at the site in 1957. Historians continued to shed light on the Battle of Wisconsin Heights and in 1992 a new interpretive marker was installed. The site was dedicated by then-Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson in 1998 during Wisconsin&#39;s sesquicentennial celebration.</p><br>
<h2>Battlefield</h2><br>
<p>At the time of the Black Hawk War the Wisconsin Heights Battlefield was a marshy area located in the hills along the Wisconsin River. The battlefield is located within the Black Hawk Unit of the state managed and owned Lower Wisconsin State Riverway, along Highway 78, about a mile south of County Road Y, south of Sauk City. There are trails, a historic marker and a parking area at the site. Though the area around the battle site does not include modern amenities, such as plumbing and toilets, the trails within the Black Hawk Unit of the Lower Wisconsin State Riverway stretch three miles (5 km) over rugged terrain. One of the trails, the Wisconsin Heights Battlefield Trail, branches from the main loop and travels through the battle site.</p><br>
<p>The battlefield has three key areas affiliated with the clash that can be viewed at the modern-day site: "Militia Ridge," where companies of Illinois and Michigan Territory militia formed up for battle; "Sharpshooter Lookout," an overlook where Sauk and Fox warriors opened fire on the militia; and "Spy&#39;s Ravine," the area between the ridge and lookout. The whole of the battlefield is best viewed from Sharpshooter Lookout.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Wisconsin Heights Battlefield is the only intact battle site from the Indian Wars found in the USA Midwest. This significance led to its inclusion in the USA National Register of Historic Places on January 31, 2002.</p><br>
<p>Veliki Galijaš or just Galijaš  is a canal turned lake on the Great War Island, within the city of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia.</p><br>
<p>The former canal is one of the major physical features on the island. In time, the canal was cut off from the Danube and effectivelly turned into a lake, with an area of 0.24 km² and became the major natural bird and fish spawning area on the island, with 196 bird and 90 fish species living in it. However, during the droughty years the lake drained out completely causing damage to the closed eco-system centred on it. In August 2007 the digging began of a 300 m-long canal which would reconnect Veliki Galijaš with the Danube and prevent the seasonal drying of the lake. After it was completed, fish from the Sava began swimming into the Veliki Galijaš. Fishing in the lake is forbidden as in the river zone up to 50m from the island&#39;s coastline.</p><br>
<p>Celebrating June 29, the international Day of the Danube, an eco-camp made of pile dwellings for the students of the Belgrade University was opened near the lake in 2007. A 15 m-high lookout is to be erected west of Veliki Galijaš so as the entire network of visitor centres on the unsinkable points around the lake and throughout the island for the studying of the bird life. Bio-laboratory is also scheduled for construction.</p><br>
<p>Mingay is an islet in the Inner Hebrides off Skye and Isay.</p><br>
<p>Together with Isay and Loch Dunvegan, it is designated as a Special Area of Conservation owing to the breeding colonies of the common seal.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>The island&#39;s rock is basaltic lava with shale and quartzite.</p><br>
<p>Mingay is in eastern part of Loch Dunvegan. It is due south of Ardmore Point and west of Waternish, both on Skye. It also looks south to the Skye mountain Beinn Bhreac, and to the south east, Sgeir nam Biast.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island&#39;s name is Old Norse in origin, which is in turn the origin of many of the placenames on nearby Skye, as well as the name of Isay, and the neighbouring Clett (Scottish Gaelic: Cleit from Old Norse klettr, meaning a rock.)</p><br>
